Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
CREA, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Rome, Italy.
PLoS One. 2018 Apr 4;13(4):e0195097. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195097. eCollection 2018.
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is a key pest of fruit crops in many tropical, subtropical and mild temperate areas worldwide. The economic importance of this fruit fly is increasing due to its invasion of new geographical areas. Efficient control and eradication efforts require adequate information regarding C. capitata adults in relation to environmental and physiological cues. This would allow effective characterisation of the population spatio-temporal dynamic of the C. capitata population at both the orchard level and the area-wide landscape. The aim of this study was to analyse population patterns of adult medflies caught using two trapping systems in a peach orchard located in central Italy. They were differentiated by adult sex (males or females) and mating status of females (unmated or mated females) to determine the spatio-temporal dynamic and evaluate the effect of cultivar and chemical treatments on trap catches. Female mating status was assessed by spermathecal dissection and a blind test was carried out to evaluate the reliability of the technique. Geostatistical methods, variogram and kriging, were used to produce distributional maps. Results showed a strong correlation between the distribution of males and unmated females, whereas males versus mated females and unmated females versus mated females showed a lower correlation. Both cultivar and chemical treatments had significant effects on trap catches, showing associations with sex and female mating status. Medfly adults showed aggregated distributions in the experimental field, but hot spots locations varied. The spatial pattern of unmated females reflected that of males, whereas mated females were largely distributed around ripening or ripe fruit. The results give relevant insights into pest management. Mated females may be distributed differently to unmated females and the identification of male hot spots through monitoring would allow localisation of virgin female populations. Based on our results, a more precise IPM strategy, coupled with effective sanitation practices, could represent a more effective approach to medfly control.
地中海实蝇（medfly），又称桔小实蝇，是世界上许多热带、亚热带和温带地区水果作物的重要害虫。由于该实蝇不断入侵新的地理区域，其经济重要性日益增加。要实现有效的控制和根除，就需要充分了解成虫与环境和生理线索之间的关系。这将有助于有效描述果园和整个景观区域内地中海实蝇种群的时空动态。本研究旨在分析意大利中部一个桃园中使用两种诱捕系统捕获的成年实蝇的种群模式。通过成虫性别（雄性或雌性）和雌性交配状态（未交配或交配雌性）对其进行区分，以确定时空动态，并评估品种和化学处理对诱捕器捕获的影响。通过精囊解剖评估雌性交配状态，并进行了一项盲测以评估该技术的可靠性。使用地统计学方法、变差函数和克里金来生成分布图谱。结果表明，雄性和未交配雌性的分布之间存在很强的相关性，而雄性与交配雌性以及未交配雌性与交配雌性之间的相关性较低。品种和化学处理对诱捕器捕获均有显著影响，且与性别和雌性交配状态有关。实蝇成虫在实验田中呈聚集分布，但热点位置有所不同。未交配雌性的空间分布模式反映了雄性的分布模式，而交配雌性则主要分布在果实成熟或成熟的周围。研究结果为害虫管理提供了重要的见解。交配后的雌性可能与未交配的雌性分布不同，通过监测发现雄虫热点可以定位处女虫群。根据我们的研究结果，与有效的卫生措施相结合，更精确的 IPM 策略可能代表着更有效的实蝇控制方法。
