超重青少年对体育活动的看法——基于互联网干预的参与者的经验：一项定性研究。
Overweight adolescents' views on physical activity - experiences of participants in an internet-based intervention: a qualitative study.
机构信息
Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2018 Apr 4;18(1):448. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5324-x.
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obese adolescents are reported to be less physically active than their peers. Research-based knowledge about their views may contribute to a better understanding of key factors that may foster or undermine motivation for physical activity, and provide knowledge for the future development of interventions. This paper explores experiences of physical activity among overweight adolescents, age 13-14 years, participants in Young & Active, a web-based controlled trial intervention to increase physical activity (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01700309). The theoretical perspective is based on Self-Determination Theory.
METHODS
Two qualitative post-intervention research interviews, with a nine-month interval, were conducted with 21 adolescents, 15 girls and 6 boys to study short-term and long-term changes. The informants were recruited from a total of 84 participants from the Young & Active intervention group. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
The participants associated physical activity with organized sports and physical education classes at school, and as a means of promoting good health and attractive bodies. A majority of the adolescents said that they experienced their health as poorer than other youths, and expressed worries about their fitness and future health. Mastering a physical activity, being together with friends and having fun promoted motivation to perform sports. Not mastering an activity, or not knowing the others made them less motivated. None of the adolescents highlighted the importance of informal active living when asked about their understanding and experiences of physical activity. Consistency was found between the first and second interviews.
CONCLUSION
This study adds to limited research on overweight and obese adolescents' experiences of physical activity. The participants' views reflect opinions in society about physical activity, and its importance for health. Viewing physical activity as conducted within organized sports makes it necessary to look into how these are organized, structured and led, and what can be done to support self-esteem, autonomous motivation and participation. The ability to choose among available, affordable and desirable physical activities, together with friends, may promote participation and maintenance.
背景
超重和肥胖青少年的身体活动量比同龄人少。基于研究的知识可以帮助我们更好地理解促进或阻碍身体活动动机的关键因素，并为未来干预措施的发展提供知识。本文探讨了年龄在 13-14 岁的超重青少年参与基于网络的 Young & Active 干预试验增加身体活动量的经历，该试验（ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01700309）。理论视角基于自我决定理论。
方法
对 Young & Active 干预组的 84 名参与者中招募了 21 名青少年（15 名女孩，6 名男孩）进行了两次定性的干预后研究访谈，间隔九个月。通过定性内容分析来分析数据。
结果
参与者将身体活动与有组织的运动和学校体育课联系起来，将其作为促进良好健康和有吸引力的身体的一种手段。大多数青少年表示，他们感觉自己的健康状况不如其他青少年，对自己的健康和未来健康感到担忧。掌握一项身体活动、与朋友在一起并获得乐趣会促进他们参与运动的动机。无法掌握一项活动或不了解其他人则会降低他们的动力。当被问及他们对身体活动的理解和经验时，没有一个青少年强调非正式的积极生活的重要性。在第一次和第二次访谈中都发现了一致性。
结论
这项研究增加了对超重和肥胖青少年身体活动经历的有限研究。参与者的观点反映了社会对身体活动及其对健康的重要性的看法。将身体活动视为在有组织的运动中进行，需要研究如何组织、构建和领导这些运动，以及可以采取哪些措施来支持自尊、自主动机和参与。能够在可用、负担得起和可取的身体活动中进行选择，与朋友一起，可能会促进参与和维持。
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