Warneke C, Trainer M, de Gouw J A, Parrish D D, Fahey D W, Ravishankara A R, Middlebrook A M, Brock C A, Roberts J M, Brown S S, Neuman J A, Lerner B M, Lack D, Law D, Hübler G, Pollack I, Sjostedt S, Ryerson T B, Gilman J B, Liao J, Holloway J, Peischl J, Nowak J B, Aikin K, Min K-E, Washenfelder R A, Graus M G, Richardson M, Markovic M Z, Wagner N L, Welti A, Veres P R, Edwards P, Schwarz J P, Gordon T, Dube W P, McKeen S, Brioude J, Ahmadov R, Bougiatioti A, Lin J J, Nenes A, Wolfe G M, Hanisco T F, Lee B H, Lopez-Hilfiker F D, Thornton J A, Keutsch F N, Kaiser J, Mao J, Hatch C
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder.
Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO.
Atmos Meas Tech. 2016;9(7):3063-3093. doi: 10.5194/amt-9-3063-2016. Epub 2016 Jul 18.
Natural emissions of ozone-and-aerosol-precursor gases such as isoprene and monoterpenes are high in the southeast of the US. In addition, anthropogenic emissions are significant in the Southeast US and summertime photochemistry is rapid. The NOAA-led SENEX (Southeast Nexus) aircraft campaign was one of the major components of the Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) and was focused on studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions to form secondary pollutants. During SENEX, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted 20 research flights between 27 May and 10 July 2013 based out of Smyrna, TN. Here we describe the experimental approach, the science goals and early results of the NOAA SENEX campaign. The aircraft, its capabilities and standard measurements are described. The instrument payload is summarized including detection limits, accuracy, precision and time resolutions for all gas-and-aerosol phase instruments. The inter-comparisons of compounds measured with multiple instruments on the NOAA WP-3D are presented and were all within the stated uncertainties, except two of the three NO measurements. The SENEX flights included day- and nighttime flights in the Southeast as well as flights over areas with intense shale gas extraction (Marcellus, Fayetteville and Haynesville shale). We present one example flight on 16 June 2013, which was a daytime flight over the Atlanta region, where several crosswind transects of plumes from the city and nearby point sources, such as power plants, paper mills and landfills, were flown. The area around Atlanta has large biogenic isoprene emissions, which provided an excellent case for studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. In this example flight, chemistry in and outside the Atlanta plumes was observed for several hours after emission. The analysis of this flight showcases the strategies implemented to answer some of the main SENEX science questions.
异戊二烯和单萜等臭氧和气溶胶前体气体的自然排放量在美国东南部很高。此外，美国东南部的人为排放也很显著，夏季光化学作用迅速。由美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）牵头的SENEX（东南部关联）飞机监测活动是东南部大气研究（SAS）的主要组成部分之一，重点是研究生物源和人为排放之间的相互作用以形成二次污染物。在SENEX期间，NOAA的WP - 3D飞机于2013年5月27日至7月10日从田纳西州士麦那起飞，进行了20次研究飞行。在此，我们描述NOAA SENEX活动的实验方法、科学目标和早期结果。介绍了飞机及其性能和标准测量。总结了仪器载荷，包括所有气相和气溶胶相仪器的检测限、准确度、精密度和时间分辨率。展示了在NOAA WP - 3D上用多种仪器测量的化合物的相互比较情况，除了三次NO测量中的两次外，所有测量结果都在规定的不确定度范围内。SENEX飞行包括在东南部的白天和夜间飞行，以及飞越页岩气开采密集地区（马塞勒斯、费耶特维尔和海恩斯维尔页岩区）的飞行。我们展示了2013年6月16日的一次示例飞行，这是一次飞越亚特兰大地区的白天飞行，期间对来自该市和附近点源（如发电厂、造纸厂和垃圾填埋场）的羽流进行了几次逆风横切飞行。亚特兰大周边地区有大量生物源异戊二烯排放，这为研究生物源和人为排放之间的相互作用提供了一个绝佳案例。在这次示例飞行中，对亚特兰大羽流内外的化学情况在排放后进行了数小时的观测。这次飞行的分析展示了为回答SENEX的一些主要科学问题而实施的策略。
