Schwantes Rebecca H, Lacey Forrest G, Tilmes Simone, Emmons Louisa K, Lauritzen Peter H, Walters Stacy, Callaghan Patrick, Zarzycki Colin M, Barth Mary C, Jo Duseong S, Bacmeister Julio T, Neale Richard B, Vitt Francis, Kluzek Erik, Roozitalab Behrooz, Hall Samuel R, Ullmann Kirk, Warneke Carsten, Peischl Jeff, Pollack Ilana B, Flocke Frank, Wolfe Glenn M, Hanisco Thomas F, Keutsch Frank N, Kaiser Jennifer, Bui Thao Paul V, Jimenez Jose L, Campuzano-Jost Pedro, Apel Eric C, Hornbrook Rebecca S, Hills Alan J, Yuan Bin, Wisthaler Armin
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA.
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA.
J Adv Model Earth Syst. 2022 Jun;14(6):e2021MS002889. doi: 10.1029/2021MS002889. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
A new configuration of the Community Earth System Model (CESM)/Community Atmosphere Model with full chemistry (CAM-chem) supporting the capability of horizontal mesh refinement through the use of the spectral element (SE) dynamical core is developed and called CESM/CAM-chem-SE. Horizontal mesh refinement in CESM/CAM-chem-SE is unique and novel in that pollutants such as ozone are accurately represented at human exposure relevant scales while also directly including global feedbacks. CESM/CAM-chem-SE with mesh refinement down to ∼14 km over the conterminous US (CONUS) is the beginning of the Multi-Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols (MUSICAv0). Here, MUSICAv0 is evaluated and used to better understand how horizontal resolution and chemical complexity impact ozone and ozone precursors over CONUS as compared to measurements from five aircraft campaigns, which occurred in 2013. This field campaign analysis demonstrates the importance of using finer horizontal resolution to accurately simulate ozone precursors such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. In general, the impact of using more complex chemistry on ozone and other oxidation products is more pronounced when using finer horizontal resolution where a larger number of chemical regimes are resolved. Large model biases for ozone near the surface remain in the Southeast US as compared to the aircraft observations even with updated chemistry and finer horizontal resolution. This suggests a need for adding the capability of replacing sections of global emission inventories with regional inventories, increasing the vertical resolution in the planetary boundary layer, and reducing model biases in meteorological variables such as temperature and clouds.
开发了一种新配置的社区地球系统模型（CESM）/具有完整化学机制的社区大气模型（CAM-chem），它通过使用谱元（SE）动力核心来支持水平网格细化功能，该模型被称为CESM/CAM-chem-SE。CESM/CAM-chem-SE中的水平网格细化具有独特性和新颖性，因为诸如臭氧等污染物在与人类暴露相关的尺度上能得到精确表示，同时还直接纳入了全球反馈。在美国本土（CONUS）实现细化至约14公里网格的CESM/CAM-chem-SE是多尺度化学和气溶胶基础设施（MUSICAv0）的开端。在此，对MUSICAv0进行了评估，并利用它来更好地理解与2013年开展的五次飞机观测活动的测量结果相比，水平分辨率和化学复杂性如何影响美国本土的臭氧及其前体物。这次实地观测活动分析表明，使用更精细的水平分辨率来精确模拟氮氧化物和一氧化碳等臭氧前体物非常重要。总体而言，当使用更精细的水平分辨率以解析更多化学状态时，采用更复杂化学机制对臭氧和其他氧化产物的影响更为显著。即便更新了化学机制并提高了水平分辨率，与飞机观测结果相比，美国东南部近地表臭氧仍存在较大的模型偏差。这表明需要增加用区域清单替代全球排放清单部分内容的能力，提高行星边界层的垂直分辨率，并减少温度和云等气象变量中的模型偏差。
