Nelson Fred R T
Department of Orthopaedics, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd. Detroit Michigan 48202, USA.
Open Orthop J. 2018 Mar 16;12:105-114. doi: 10.2174/1874325001812010105. eCollection 2018.
Over the past decade, phenotypes have been used to help categorize knee osteoarthritis patients relative to being subject to disease, disease progression, and treatment response. A review of potential phenotype selection is now appropriate. The appeal of using phenotypes is that they most rely on simple physical examination, clinically routine imaging, and demographics. The purpose of this review is to describe the panoply of phenotypes that can be potentially used in osteoarthritis research.
A search of PubMed was used singularly to review the literature on knee osteoarthritis phenotypes.
Four phenotype assembly groups were based on physical features and noninvasive imaging. Demographics included metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes). Mechanical characteristics included joint morphology, alignment, the effect of injury, and past and present history. Associated musculoskeletal disorder characteristics included multiple joint involvement, spine disorders, neuromuscular diseases, and osteoporosis. With the knee as an organ, tissue characteristics were used to focus on synovium, meniscus, articular cartilage, patella fat pad, bone sclerosis, bone cysts, and location of pain.
Many of these phenotype clusters require further validation studies. There is special emphasis on knee osteoarthritis phenotypes due to its predominance in osteoarthritic disorders and the variety of tissues in that joint. More research will be required to determine the most productive phenotypes for future studies.
The selection and assignment of phenotypes will take on an increasing role in osteoarthritis research in the future.
在过去十年中，表型已被用于帮助对膝关节骨关节炎患者进行分类，涉及疾病易感性、疾病进展和治疗反应。现在对潜在表型选择进行综述是恰当的。使用表型的吸引力在于它们大多依赖于简单的体格检查、临床常规成像和人口统计学数据。本综述的目的是描述可潜在用于骨关节炎研究的一系列表型。
单独使用PubMed搜索来综述关于膝关节骨关节炎表型的文献。
四个表型组合组基于身体特征和无创成像。人口统计学特征包括代谢综合征（血脂异常、高血压、肥胖和糖尿病）。力学特征包括关节形态、对线、损伤影响以及既往和当前病史。相关肌肉骨骼疾病特征包括多关节受累、脊柱疾病、神经肌肉疾病和骨质疏松症。以膝关节作为一个器官，组织特征用于关注滑膜、半月板、关节软骨、髌下脂肪垫、骨质硬化、骨囊肿和疼痛部位。
许多这些表型集群需要进一步的验证研究。由于膝关节骨关节炎在骨关节炎疾病中的主导地位以及该关节中组织的多样性，特别强调膝关节骨关节炎表型。需要更多研究来确定未来研究中最有效的表型。
表型的选择和分配在未来骨关节炎研究中将发挥越来越重要的作用。
