Department of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637332, Singapore.
Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Jerry Lee Center of Criminology, 3809 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018 Apr 5;20(5):32. doi: 10.1007/s11920-018-0894-y.
Although there is an increasing body of literature on the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and aggressive/antisocial behavior, evidence to date suggests that there are mixed findings on the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation as a dietary intervention to reduce such behaviors. This article describes the current state of the research regarding omega-3 supplementation and aggressive/antisocial behavior from intervention studies, with an emphasis on randomized controlled trials.
The current evidence base indicates a small effect size (approximately d = .20) for the efficacy of increased omega-3 intake in reducing aggressive and antisocial behavior in children and adults. How precisely omega-3 supplementation results in such behavioral improvement is an open question, although upregulation of dysfunctional prefrontal regions is one candidate mediator. Directions for further research include understanding the more basic mechanisms that may underlie any intervention effects, delineating dose-response relationships, ascertaining optimal treatment duration and composition, conducting follow-ups post-treatment, and testing the provisional hypothesis that more impulsive, reactive forms of aggression may be particularly amenable to omega-3 supplementation.
目的综述：尽管目前有越来越多的文献研究ω-3 脂肪酸与攻击/反社会行为之间的关系，但现有证据表明，ω-3 补充剂作为一种饮食干预措施来减少此类行为的疗效存在混合结果。本文描述了干预研究中关于 ω-3 补充剂和攻击/反社会行为的最新研究现状，重点是随机对照试验。
最新发现：目前的证据基础表明，增加 ω-3 摄入量对减少儿童和成人的攻击和反社会行为的疗效具有较小的效应量（约 d=0.20）。ω-3 补充剂如何导致这种行为改善是一个悬而未决的问题，尽管上调功能失调的前额叶区域是一个候选的中介。进一步研究的方向包括了解可能是任何干预效果基础的更基本机制，描绘剂量-反应关系，确定最佳治疗持续时间和组成，在治疗后进行随访，并检验ω-3 补充剂对冲动、反应性更强的攻击形式特别有效的假设。
