Wang Qianhuai, Ding Xiaoqing, Zhen Fei, Ma Jianwei, Meng Fanxing
Acta Pol Pharm. 2017 Mar;74(2):313-320.
Different cell types under normal and diseased states constantly secrete numerous membrane vesicles including exosomes into extracellular space wkich can be isolated from various biological fluids and cell culture supernatants. Exosomal diameter ranges between 40-100 nm. In current research, exosomes are being exploited as biomarkers for pathological diagnosis and potential remedy against various disease conditions such as infections and autoimmune disorders. In cancer immunotherapy, exosomes have promisingly been employed due to the identical immunogenic antigens of exosomes produced by neoplastic cells and the originating tissues. Antigen-specific T-cell activation and immunomodulatory activity is observed to be performed by exosomes isolated from tumor and dendritic cells (DCs). However, more research is still required to uncover the realistic uses of exosomes, particularly as drug delivery tool in autoimmune diseases, cancers and diabetes.
在正常和患病状态下，不同类型的细胞会持续向细胞外空间分泌大量膜泡，包括外泌体，这些膜泡可以从各种生物体液和细胞培养上清液中分离出来。外泌体直径在40-100纳米之间。在当前研究中，外泌体正被用作病理诊断的生物标志物以及针对各种疾病状况（如感染和自身免疫性疾病）的潜在治疗手段。在癌症免疫治疗中，由于肿瘤细胞产生的外泌体与起源组织具有相同的免疫原性抗原，外泌体已被成功应用。从肿瘤和树突状细胞（DCs）分离出的外泌体可观察到具有抗原特异性T细胞激活和免疫调节活性。然而，仍需要更多研究来揭示外泌体的实际用途，特别是作为自身免疫性疾病、癌症和糖尿病的药物递送工具。
