Su Jiuyan, Zhang Ji, Li Jieqing, Li Tao, Liu Honggao, Wang Yuanzhong
a College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China.
b Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming , China.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2018;53(7):454-463. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1455361. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
This study aimed to determine the contents of main mineral elements of wild Boletus edulis and to assess its edible safety, which may provide scientific evidence for the utilization of this species. Fourteen mineral contents (Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr, V and Zn) in the caps and stipes of B. edulis as well as the corresponding surface soils collected from nine different geographic regions in Yunnan Province, southwest China were determined. The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) after microwave digestion. Measurement data were analyzed using variance and Pearson correlation analysis. Edible safety was evaluated according to the provisionally tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of heavy metals recommended by United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Mineral contents were significantly different with the variance of collection areas. B. edulis showed relative abundant contents of Ca, Fe, Mg and Na, followed by Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn, and the elements with the lower content less were Cd, Co, Ni, Sr and V. The elements accumulation differed significantly in caps and stipes. Among them, Cd and Zn were bioconcentrated (BCF > 1) while others were bioexcluded (BCF < 1). The mineral contents in B. edulis and its surface soil were positively related, indicating that the elements accumulation level was related to soil background. In addition, from the perspective of food safety, if an adult (60 kg) eats 300 g fresh B. edulis per week, the intake of Cd in most of tested mushrooms were lower than PTWI value whereas the Cd intakes in some other samples were higher than this standard. The results indicated that the main mineral contents in B. edulis were significantly different with respect to geographical distribution, and the Cd intake in a few of regions was higher than the acceptable intakes with a potential risk.
本研究旨在测定野生美味牛肝菌主要矿质元素含量并评估其食用安全性，为该物种的开发利用提供科学依据。测定了采自中国西南部云南省9个不同地理区域的美味牛肝菌菌盖和菌柄以及相应表层土壤中的14种矿质元素含量（钡、钙、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、镁、锰、钠、镍、锶、钒和锌）。采用微波消解后，用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪（ICP - AES）进行分析。测量数据采用方差分析和Pearson相关性分析。根据联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织（FAO/WHO）推荐的重金属暂定每周耐受摄入量（PTWI）评估食用安全性。矿质元素含量因采集区域的不同而存在显著差异。美味牛肝菌中钙、铁、镁和钠含量相对丰富，其次是钡、铬、铜、锰和锌，含量较低的元素是镉、钴、镍、锶和钒。菌盖和菌柄中的元素积累差异显著。其中，镉和锌为生物富集（生物富集系数>1），而其他元素为生物排除（生物富集系数<1）。美味牛肝菌及其表层土壤中的矿质元素含量呈正相关，表明元素积累水平与土壤背景有关。此外，从食品安全角度来看，如果一名成年人（60千克）每周食用300克新鲜美味牛肝菌，大多数测试蘑菇中的镉摄入量低于PTWI值，而其他一些样品中的镉摄入量高于该标准。结果表明，美味牛肝菌中的主要矿质元素含量在地理分布上存在显著差异，部分地区的镉摄入量高于可接受摄入量，存在潜在风险。
