Research and Development Department, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
Football Research Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Br J Sports Med. 2018 Dec;52(23):1517-1522. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098473. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
BACKGROUND: Internal workload (ie, from training and matches) is considered one of the most important injury risk factors for elite European football teams, however there is little published evidence to support this belief. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association and predictive power of internal workload and non-contact injuries. METHODS: Five elite European teams, 171 players (age: 25.1±4.9 years; height: 181.6±6.7 cm; body mass: 77.5±7.2 kg) participated over one full competitive season. Using the session-rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) method player's internal workloads were calculated for acute week, week-to-week changes, cumulated weeks, chronic weeks and acute:chronic ratios and analysed for association with non-contact injury (using generalised estimating equations (GEE)). Associated variables from GEE analysis were categorised into very low to very high workload zones and checked for increased relative risks (RRs). Associated workload variables were also analysed for predictive power (receiver operating characteristics). RESULTS: Acute:chronic workload ratios at 1:3 and 1:4 weeks were associated with non-contact injury (P<0.05). Specifically, a greater risk of injury was found for players with an acute:chronic workload at 1:4 weeks of 0.97 to 1.38 (RR 1.68; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.78, likely harmful) and >1.38 (RR 2.13; 95% CI 1.21 to 3.77, very likely harmful) compared with players whose acute:chronic workload was 0.60 to 0.97. An acute:chronic workload 1:3 of >1.42 compared with 0.59 to 0.97 displayed a 1.94 times higher risk of injury (RR 1.90; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.36, very likely harmful). Importantly, acute:chronic workload at both 1:4 and 1:3 showed poor predictive power (area under the curve 0.53 to 0.58) despite previous reports and beliefs that it can predict injury. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the acute:chronic internal workload (measured using s-RPE) as a risk factor for non-contact injury in elite European footballers. However the acute:chronic workload, in isolation, should not be used to predict non-contact injury.
背景：内部工作量（即来自训练和比赛）被认为是欧洲精英足球队伍中最重要的伤病风险因素之一，但支持这一观点的证据很少。 目的：我们研究了内部工作量和非接触性损伤之间的关联和预测能力。 方法：五支欧洲精英球队，171 名球员（年龄：25.1±4.9 岁；身高：181.6±6.7 厘米；体重：77.5±7.2 公斤）参加了一个完整的比赛赛季。使用赛中感知用力评估（s-RPE）方法，计算了球员在急性周、周间变化、累积周、慢性周和急性：慢性比的内部工作量，并使用广义估计方程（GEE）分析了与非接触性损伤的关联。来自 GEE 分析的相关变量被归类为极低到极高的工作量区，并检查了增加的相对风险（RR）。还分析了与预测能力相关的工作量变量（接收者操作特征）。 结果：1:3 周和 1:4 周的急性：慢性工作量比与非接触性损伤相关（P<0.05）。具体来说，与急性：慢性工作量比为 0.60 到 0.97 的球员相比，1:4 周的急性：慢性工作量比为 0.97 到 1.38 的球员受伤风险更高（RR 1.68；95%CI 1.02 到 2.78，可能有害），而急性：慢性工作量比>1.38 的球员受伤风险更高（RR 2.13；95%CI 1.21 到 3.77，非常可能有害）。与急性：慢性工作量比为 0.59 到 0.97 的球员相比，急性：慢性工作量比为 1:3 的>1.42 显示出 1.94 倍更高的受伤风险（RR 1.90；95%CI 1.08 到 3.36，非常可能有害）。重要的是，尽管有先前的报告和信念表明，急性：慢性工作量（使用 s-RPE 测量）可以预测损伤，但在这两个比值中，急性：慢性工作量的预测能力都很差（曲线下面积 0.53 到 0.58）。 结论：本研究为使用 s-RPE 测量的急性：慢性内部工作量（acute:chronic internal workload）作为欧洲精英足球运动员非接触性损伤的风险因素提供了证据。然而，孤立的急性：慢性工作量不应被用来预测非接触性损伤。
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