El Ouali El Mokhtar, Kartibou Jihan, Del Coso Juan, Supriya Rashmi, Laher Ismail, El Kettani Zineb, Ghazal Hassan, Al Idrissi Najib, Saeidi Ayoub, Mesfioui Abdelhalem, Zouhal Hassane
Institute of Sports Sciences, Hassan I University, Settat 26002, Morocco.
Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Ibn Tofail University of Kenitra, Kenitra 14000, Morocco.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Jan 10;61(1):98. doi: 10.3390/medicina61010098.
The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in , the gene encoding the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), has been suggested as a genetic variation that can influence exercise performance and risk of injury in elite athletes. The I allele has been associated with enhanced endurance performance and with reduced inflammation, while the D allele has been associated with improved performance in strength and power activities. However, the role of this genetic variant in the incidence of non-contact injury is underexplored. This study investigated the possible association of I/D genotypes with the risk of non-contact injury in elite Moroccan athletes. Forty-three elite male athletes (19 cyclists and 24 field hockey players) from the Moroccan national team participated voluntarily. Non-contact injuries were recorded for all athletes and classified according to the IOC consensus statement by the medical staff of the teams. I/D polymorphism genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genomic DNA from blood samples. There were four cyclists (21.05%) and eight field hockey players (33.33%) with a non-contact injury during the season. The distribution of the I/D genotypes was similar in the athletes with vs. without non-contact injury for cyclists (DD/ID/II 25.00/50.00/25.00% vs. 46.67/40.00/13.33% non-injured, respectively; X = 0.69, = 0.70), field hockey players (DD/ID/II 50.00/50.00/0.00% vs. 50.00/43.75/6.25%; X = 0.54, = 0.76) and for the whole group of athletes (DD/ID/II 41.67/50.00/8.33% vs. 48.39/41.94/9.68%; X = 0.22, = 0.89). In the whole group of athletes, neither the dominant (DD + ID vs. II = OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.15-16.56, = 0.89) nor the recessive (DD vs. ID + II = OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.31-4.89, = 0.69) models showed an increased risk of non-contact injury. The distribution of the I/D genotypes was similar in elite cycling and field hockey athletes with or without non-contact injury during the season. These results indicate that there is no significant association between the I/D polymorphism and the susceptibility to non-contact injury in these athletes. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and to investigate their broader implications for advancing knowledge in sports injury prevention and optimizing athlete management strategies.
血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）编码基因中的插入/缺失（I/D）多态性，被认为是一种可影响精英运动员运动表现及受伤风险的基因变异。I等位基因与耐力表现增强及炎症减轻相关，而D等位基因与力量和爆发力活动中的表现改善相关。然而，这种基因变异在非接触性损伤发生率中的作用尚未得到充分研究。本研究调查了摩洛哥精英运动员I/D基因型与非接触性损伤风险之间的可能关联。来自摩洛哥国家队的43名精英男性运动员（19名自行车运动员和24名曲棍球运动员）自愿参与。记录了所有运动员的非接触性损伤情况，并由各队医务人员根据国际奥委会共识声明进行分类。使用血样中的基因组DNA通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行I/D多态性基因分型。赛季期间，有4名自行车运动员（21.05%）和8名曲棍球运动员（33.33%）发生了非接触性损伤。在有和没有非接触性损伤的自行车运动员中，I/D基因型的分布相似（DD/ID/II分别为25.00/50.00/25.00%与46.67/40.00/13.33%未受伤；X = 0.69，P = 0.70），曲棍球运动员中（DD/ID/II分别为50.00/50.00/0.00%与50.00/43.75/6.25%；X = 0.54，P = 0.76），以及在全体运动员中（DD/ID/II分别为41.67/50.00/8.33%与48.39/41.94/9.68%；X = 0.22，P = 0.89）。在全体运动员中，无论是显性模型（DD + ID与II相比 = 比值比：1.17，95%置信区间：0.15 - 16.56，P = 0.89）还是隐性模型（DD与ID + II相比 = 比值比：1.31，95%置信区间：1.31 - 4.89，P = 0.69）均未显示非接触性损伤风险增加。在赛季期间有或没有非接触性损伤的精英自行车运动员和曲棍球运动员中，I/D基因型的分布相似。这些结果表明，I/D多态性与这些运动员非接触性损伤的易感性之间无显著关联。有必要进行进一步研究以验证这些发现，并探讨其对推进运动损伤预防知识和优化运动员管理策略的更广泛意义。
