Savin Ziv, Kivity Shaye, Yonath Hagith, Yehuda Shoenfeld
Department of Medicine A, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Sackler School of Medicine, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
Arch Microbiol. 2018 Jul;200(5):677-684. doi: 10.1007/s00203-018-1506-2. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
Studies are emerging alluding to the role of intestinal microbiome in the pathogenesis of diseases. Intestinal microbiome is susceptible to the influence of environmental factors such as smoking, and recent studies have indicated microbiome alterations in smokers. The aim of the study was to review the literature regarding the impact of smoking on the intestinal microbiome. A literature review of publications in PUBMED was performed using combinations of the terms "Intestinal/Gut/Gastrointestinal/Colonic" with "Microbiome/Microbiota/Microbial/Flora" and "Smoking/Smoker/Tobacco". We selected studies that were published between the years 2000 and 2016 as our inclusion criteria. Observational and interventional studies suggest that the composition of intestinal microbiome is altered due to smoking. In these studies, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla were increased, as well as the genera of Clostridium, Bacteroides and Prevotella. On the other hand, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla as well as the genera Bifidobacteria and Lactococcus were decreased. Smoking also decreased the diversity of the intestinal microbiome. Mechanisms that have been suggested to explain the effect of smoking on intestinal microbiome include: oxidative stress enhancement, alterations of intestinal tight junctions and intestinal mucin composition, and changes in acid-base balance. Interestingly, some smoking-induced alterations of intestinal microbiome resemble those demonstrated in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and obesity. Further studies should be performed to investigate this connection. Smoking has an effect on intestinal microbiome and is suggested to alter its composition. This interaction may contribute to the development of intestinal and systemic diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel diseases.
越来越多的研究暗示肠道微生物群在疾病发病机制中的作用。肠道微生物群易受吸烟等环境因素的影响，最近的研究表明吸烟者的微生物群发生了改变。本研究的目的是回顾关于吸烟对肠道微生物群影响的文献。使用“肠道/胃肠道/结肠”与“微生物群/微生物区系/微生物/菌群”以及“吸烟/吸烟者/烟草”等术语组合，对PUBMED上的出版物进行了文献综述。我们选择2000年至2016年间发表的研究作为纳入标准。观察性和干预性研究表明，吸烟会改变肠道微生物群的组成。在这些研究中，变形菌门和拟杆菌门增加，梭菌属、拟杆菌属和普雷沃菌属也增加。另一方面，放线菌门和厚壁菌门以及双歧杆菌属和乳球菌属减少。吸烟还降低了肠道微生物群的多样性。已提出的解释吸烟对肠道微生物群影响的机制包括：氧化应激增强、肠道紧密连接和肠道粘蛋白组成的改变以及酸碱平衡的变化。有趣的是，一些吸烟引起的肠道微生物群改变类似于炎症性肠病和肥胖等疾病中所表现出的改变。应进行进一步研究以调查这种联系。吸烟对肠道微生物群有影响，并被认为会改变其组成。这种相互作用可能有助于肠道和全身性疾病的发展，尤其是炎症性肠病。
