Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
Prev Med. 2018 Dec;117:15-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 4.
This study examines whether tobacco dependence severity moderates the acute effects of reducing nicotine content in cigarettes on the addiction potential of smoking, craving/withdrawal, or smoking topography. Participants (N = 169) were daily smokers with mild, moderate, or high tobacco-dependence severity using the Heaviness of Smoking Index. Following brief abstinence, participants smoked research cigarettes varying in nicotine content (0.4, 2.4, 5.2, 15.8 mg nicotine/g tobacco) in a within-subject design. Results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of co-variance. No main effects of dependence severity or interactions with nicotine dose were noted in relative reinforcing effects in concurrent choice testing or subjective effects on the modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire. Demand for smoking in the Cigarette Purchase Task was greater among more dependent smokers, but reducing nicotine content decreased demand independent of dependence severity. Dependence severity did not significantly alter response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes on the Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale nor Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-brief (QSU) Factor-2 scale; dependence severity and dose interacted significantly on the QSU-brief Factor-1 scale, with reductions dependent on dose among highly but not mildly or moderately dependent smokers. Dependence severity and dose interacted significantly on only one of six measures of smoking topography (i.e., maximum flow rate), which increased as dose increased among mildly and moderately but not highly dependent smokers. These results suggest that dependence severity has no moderating influence on the ability of reduced nicotine content cigarettes to lower the addiction potential of smoking, and minimal effects on relief from craving/withdrawal or smoking topography.
本研究考察了烟草依赖严重程度是否会调节降低香烟中尼古丁含量对吸烟成瘾潜力、渴求/戒断或吸烟特征的急性影响。参与者（N=169）为轻度、中度或重度烟草依赖的每日吸烟者，使用吸烟量指数（Heaviness of Smoking Index）进行评估。短暂戒烟后，参与者在一项基于个体的设计中吸用尼古丁含量不同的研究香烟（0.4、2.4、5.2、15.8mg尼古丁/克烟草）。结果使用重复测量协方差分析进行分析。在同时选择测试中的相对强化效应或修改后的香烟评价问卷（Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire）中的主观效应方面，依赖严重程度的主效应或与尼古丁剂量的相互作用均不明显。在吸烟购买任务中，依赖性更强的吸烟者对吸烟的需求更大，但无论依赖严重程度如何，降低尼古丁含量都会降低需求。依赖严重程度并未显著改变在明尼苏达州烟草戒断量表（Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale）或简短吸烟渴求问卷（Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-brief，QSU）因子-2 量表上对低尼古丁含量香烟的反应；在 QSU-简短因子-1 量表上，依赖严重程度和剂量之间存在显著相互作用，高度依赖吸烟者依赖于剂量，而轻度或中度依赖吸烟者则不然。依赖严重程度和剂量仅在六种吸烟特征测量中的一种上存在显著相互作用（即最大流速），在轻度和中度依赖吸烟者中，随着剂量的增加，流速增加。这些结果表明，依赖严重程度对降低尼古丁含量香烟降低吸烟成瘾潜力的能力没有调节作用，对缓解渴求/戒断或吸烟特征的影响也很小。
