Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
Residència i Centre de dia Lleida-Balàfia, GSS, Lleida, Spain.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2018 Jun;82:90-98. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.03.020. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
Dehydration in the older people is a prevalent problem that is often associated with physiological changes, physical limitations and environmental conditions.
The scoping review was carried out to identify risk factors associated with dehydration in older people living in nursing homes.
The revised scoping methodology framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005) was applied. Study selection was carried out in accordance with Davis et al. (2009) and focused on the inclusion criteria (people over 65 years old and living in nursing homes). Risk factors were classified using the geriatric assessment.
An electronic database search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL. The literature search was carried out between October 2016 and January 2017.
Thematic reporting was performed and study findings were validated through interdisciplinary meetings of experts. The quality of the papers consulted was also evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies.
In all, 16 papers were analysed, all of which were observational studies. The risk of bias ranged from very low (n = 1), to medium (n = 13) and high (n = 2). The risk factors were classified in line with the different components of the geriatric assessment. In the socio-demographic characteristics age and gender were identified. In the clinical component, infections, renal and cardiovascular diseases and end-of-life situations were the most common factors highlighted in the papers analysed. With reference to the functional component, its limitation was associated with dehydration, while for factors of mental origin, it was related to dementia and behavioural disorders. Finally, the factors relating to the social component were institutionalisation, requiring a skilled level of care and it being winter.
The most commonly repeated factors highlighted in the review were age, gender, infections, end of life and dementia, with it being important to highlight the large number of factors in the clinical component. Even so, the great majority of the factors were unmodifiable conditions associated typically associated with the physiology of ageing.
老年人脱水是一个普遍存在的问题，通常与生理变化、身体限制和环境条件有关。
本综述旨在确定居住在养老院的老年人脱水的相关危险因素。
应用 Arksey 和 O'Malley（2005 年）修订的综述方法框架。根据 Davis 等人（2009 年）的研究选择标准，重点关注纳入标准（年龄在 65 岁以上且居住在养老院的人群）进行研究选择。使用老年评估对危险因素进行分类。
在 PubMed、Scopus 和 CINAHL 中进行电子数据库检索。文献检索于 2016 年 10 月至 2017 年 1 月进行。
进行主题报告，并通过跨学科专家会议验证研究结果。还使用适用于横断面、队列和病例对照研究的纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估所咨询论文的质量。
共分析了 16 篇论文，均为观察性研究。偏倚风险从非常低（n=1）到中等（n=13）和高（n=2）不等。危险因素按照老年评估的不同组成部分进行分类。在社会人口统计学特征方面，年龄和性别被确定为危险因素。在临床部分，感染、肾脏和心血管疾病以及生命末期情况是分析论文中最常见的突出因素。关于功能部分，其限制与脱水有关，而对于精神起源的因素，与痴呆和行为障碍有关。最后，与社会部分相关的因素是机构化、需要熟练的护理水平以及处于冬季。
本综述中突出强调的最常见重复因素是年龄、性别、感染、生命末期和痴呆，重要的是要突出临床部分的大量因素。即便如此，绝大多数因素都是与衰老生理相关的不可改变的条件。
