Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, United States.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2018 Sep;131:24-29. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.04.001. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
It is not wise to generalize psychophysiological findings from WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) samples to all people and yet this occurs frequently in research. Case-in-point is our understanding of psychophysiological responses to stress which suggest universality despite our knowledge that these pathways are moderated by factors such as ethnicity and culture. Here we discuss the epidemiological phenomenon commonly referred to as the Hispanic health paradox to illustrate the importance of culture in understanding stress. We posit that despite high stress exposure, Hispanics may experience relatively low levels of stress contributing to their paradoxical health advantages. Building on our prior work, we present a new, culturally-tailored stress theory model to illustrate how sociocultural factors may moderate the experience of stress (through appraisals) with downstream effects on psychophysiological mechanisms. We support the model with available data and end this paper with a call for research that more carefully considers cultural and ethnic factors in psychophysiological research.
将来自 WEIRD（西方、受过教育、工业化、富有、民主）样本的心理生理学发现推广到所有人身上是不明智的，但这种情况在研究中经常发生。一个典型的例子是我们对心理生理学应激反应的理解，尽管我们知道这些途径受到种族和文化等因素的调节，但这些途径仍被认为具有普遍性。在这里，我们讨论了通常被称为西班牙裔健康悖论的流行病学现象，以说明文化在理解压力方面的重要性。我们假设，尽管面临高压力，西班牙裔人可能经历相对较低水平的压力，这有助于他们的健康优势产生悖论。基于我们之前的工作，我们提出了一个新的、具有文化针对性的压力理论模型，来说明社会文化因素如何通过评估来调节压力体验，以及对心理生理学机制的下游影响。我们用现有数据支持该模型，并在本文结尾呼吁开展更多研究，在心理生理学研究中更仔细地考虑文化和种族因素。
