Rumble Lauren, Febrianto Ryan Fajar, Larasati Melania Niken, Hamilton Carolyn, Mathews Ben, Dunne Michael P
United Nations Children's Fund, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Youth Coalition for Sexual and Reproductive Rights, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2020 Apr;21(2):284-299. doi: 10.1177/1524838018767932. Epub 2018 Apr 8.
There has been relatively little research into the prevalence of childhood sexual violence (CSV) as well as the risk and protective factors for CSV in low- and middle-income countries including Indonesia. Systematic searches conducted in English and Bahasa Indonesia in this review identified 594 records published between 2006 and 2016 in peer-reviewed journals and other literature including 299 Indonesian records. Fifteen studies, including nine prevalence studies, met the quality appraisal criteria developed for this review. The review found that CSV research is scarce: Only one study included nationally representative prevalence estimates. Varying definitions for CSV, survey methods, and sample characteristics limited the generalizability of the data. The available evidence points to significant risk of sexual violence affecting both girls and boys across many geographical and institutional settings. Married adolescent girls are vulnerable to sexual violence by partners in their homes. Children in schools are vulnerable to CSV by peers and adults. Victims seldom disclose incidents and rarely seek support. In addition, early childhood experiences of trauma were strongly associated with later perpetration of sexual violence and revictimization. Limited information is available about protective factors. This review synthesizes evidence about what is currently known about CSV in Indonesia and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the existing research. A more robust evidence base regarding CSV is required to better inform policy and justify investment into prevention programs.
在包括印度尼西亚在内的低收入和中等收入国家，针对儿童性暴力（CSV）的患病率以及CSV的风险和保护因素的研究相对较少。本次综述通过英文和印尼语进行系统检索，共识别出2006年至2016年间发表在同行评审期刊及其他文献中的594条记录，其中包括299条印尼记录。15项研究，包括9项患病率研究，符合本次综述制定的质量评估标准。综述发现，关于CSV的研究很少：只有一项研究纳入了具有全国代表性的患病率估计。CSV的定义、调查方法和样本特征各不相同，限制了数据的可推广性。现有证据表明，在许多地理和机构环境中，性暴力对女孩和男孩都构成重大风险。已婚少女在家中易受伴侣的性暴力侵害。学校里的儿童易受同龄人和成年人的CSV侵害。受害者很少披露事件，也很少寻求支持。此外，儿童早期的创伤经历与后期的性暴力犯罪和再次受害密切相关。关于保护因素的信息有限。本综述综合了目前关于印度尼西亚CSV的已知证据，并确定了现有研究的优势和不足。需要一个更强大的关于CSV的证据基础，以便更好地为政策提供信息，并为预防项目的投资提供依据。
