Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany; Stanford University, USA; Leipzig University, Germany.
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
Cognition. 2018 Aug;177:41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.024. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
Recent evidence suggests that infants as young as 12 month of age use pointing to communicate about absent entities. The tacit assumption underlying these studies is that infants do so based on tracking what their interlocutor experienced in a previous shared interaction. The present study addresses this assumption empirically. In three experiments, 12-month-old infants could request additional desired objects by pointing to the location in which these objects were previously located. We systematically varied whether the adult from whom infants were requesting had previously experienced the former content of the location with the infant. Infants systematically adjusted their pointing to the now empty location to what they experienced with the adult previously. These results suggest that infants' ability to communicate about absent referents is based on an incipient form of common ground.
最近的证据表明，12 个月大的婴儿已经会用指点来交流不在场的实体。这些研究的隐含假设是，婴儿是基于跟踪他们的对话者在之前的共同互动中经历的事情来这样做的。本研究从经验上验证了这一假设。在三个实验中，12 个月大的婴儿可以通过指向之前放置这些物体的位置来要求额外的想要的物体。我们系统地改变了婴儿要求的成年人是否曾与婴儿一起经历过该位置的先前内容。婴儿会根据他们之前与成年人的经历，系统地调整他们指向现在空位置的方式。这些结果表明，婴儿交流不在场参照的能力是基于一种初步的共同基础形式。
