Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences of the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
Infect Immun. 2018 Jun 21;86(7). doi: 10.1128/IAI.00035-18. Print 2018 Jul.
The keystone periodontal pathogen produces phosphorylated dihydroceramide lipids (sphingolipids) such as phosphoethanolamine dihydroceramide (PE DHC) and phosphoglycerol dihydroceramide (PG DHC) lipids. Phosphorylated DHCs (PDHCs) from can affect a number of mammalian cellular functions, such as potentiation of prostaglandin secretion from gingival fibroblasts, promotion of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, promotion of apoptosis, and enhancement of autoimmunity. In , these lipids affect anchoring of surface polysaccharides, resistance to oxidative stress, and presentation of surface polysaccharides (anionic polysaccharides and K-antigen capsule). In addition to phosphorylated dihydroceramide lipids, serine dipeptide lipids of are implicated in alveolar bone loss in chronic periodontitis through interference with osteoblast differentiation and function and promotion of osteoclast activity. As a prerequisite for designation as bacterial virulence factors, bacterial sphingolipids and serine dipeptide lipids are recovered in gingival/periodontal tissues, tooth calculus, human blood, vascular tissues, and brain. In addition to , other bacteria of the genera , , , , and produce sphingolipids and serine dipeptide lipids. The contribution of PDHCs and serine dipeptide lipids to the pathogenesis of periodontal and extraoral diseases may be an underappreciated area in microbe-host interaction and should be more intensively investigated.
关键牙周病原体产生磷酸化二氢神经酰胺脂质（神经鞘脂），如磷酸乙醇胺二氢神经酰胺（PE DHC）和磷酸甘油二氢神经酰胺（PG DHC）脂质。可以影响许多哺乳动物细胞功能，如增强牙龈成纤维细胞前列腺素分泌、促进 RANKL 诱导的破骨细胞形成、促进细胞凋亡和增强自身免疫。在中，这些脂质影响表面多糖的锚定、对氧化应激的抵抗力和表面多糖（阴离子多糖和 K 抗原荚膜）的呈现。除了磷酸化二氢神经酰胺脂质外，还涉及丝氨酸二肽脂质通过干扰成骨细胞分化和功能以及促进破骨细胞活性导致慢性牙周炎牙槽骨丢失。作为细菌毒力因子指定的先决条件，牙龈/牙周组织、牙垢、人血、血管组织和大脑中都存在细菌神经鞘脂和丝氨酸二肽脂质。除了外，属的其他细菌、、、和也产生神经鞘脂和丝氨酸二肽脂质。PDHC 和丝氨酸二肽脂质对牙周病和口腔外疾病发病机制的贡献可能是微生物-宿主相互作用中一个未被充分认识的领域，应该更深入地研究。
