Jackson Catherine L
Institut Jacques Monod, Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018 Mar 26;6:29. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00029. eCollection 2018.
When eukaryotic cells divide, they must faithfully segregate not only the genetic material but also their membrane-bound organelles into each daughter cell. To assure correct partitioning of cellular contents, cells use regulatory mechanisms to verify that each stage of cell division has been correctly accomplished before proceeding to the next step. A great deal is known about mechanisms that regulate chromosome segregation during cell division, but we know much less about the mechanisms by which cellular organelles are partitioned, and how these processes are coordinated. The Golgi apparatus, the central sorting and modification station of the secretory pathway, disassembles during mitosis, a process that depends on Arf1 and its regulators and effectors. Prior to total disassembly, the Golgi ribbon in mammalian cells, composed of alternating cisternal stacks and tubular networks, undergoes fission of the tubular networks to produce individual stacks. Failure to carry out this unlinking leads to cell division arrest at late G2 prior to entering mitosis, an arrest that can be relieved by inhibition of Arf1 activation. The level of active Arf1-GTP drops during mitosis, due to inactivation of the major Arf1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor at the Golgi, GBF1. Expression of constitutively active Arf1 prevents Golgi disassembly, and leads to defects in chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding the functions of Arf1 regulators and effectors in the crosstalk between Golgi structure and cell cycle regulation.
真核细胞分裂时，它们不仅必须将遗传物质，还必须将其膜结合细胞器忠实地分离到每个子细胞中。为确保细胞内容物的正确分配，细胞利用调节机制来验证细胞分裂的每个阶段在进入下一步之前是否已正确完成。我们对细胞分裂过程中调节染色体分离的机制了解很多，但对于细胞器如何分配以及这些过程如何协调的机制却知之甚少。高尔基体是分泌途径的中央分选和修饰站，在有丝分裂期间会解体，这一过程依赖于Arf1及其调节因子和效应器。在完全解体之前，哺乳动物细胞中的高尔基体带，由交替的扁平囊堆叠和管状网络组成，会经历管状网络的裂变以产生单个堆叠。未能进行这种分离会导致细胞在进入有丝分裂之前的G2晚期停滞，这种停滞可以通过抑制Arf1激活来缓解。由于高尔基体上主要的Arf1鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子GBF1失活，有丝分裂期间活性Arf1-GTP的水平会下降。持续激活的Arf1的表达会阻止高尔基体解体，并导致染色体分离和胞质分裂缺陷。在这篇综述中，我们描述了在理解Arf1调节因子和效应器在高尔基体结构与细胞周期调节之间的相互作用中的功能方面的最新进展。
