1 Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
2 Department of Family Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018 Apr;27(4):413-417. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2018.6985. Epub 2018 Mar 19.
As women approach menopause, fertility declines but pregnancy can still occur. Maternal and infant risks are increased among women of older reproductive age compared with younger women. A high proportion of pregnancies among women of older reproductive age are unintended and these pregnancies can also be associated with negative maternal and infant consequences. However, women and their healthcare providers may have concerns about risks associated with contraceptive use, particularly combined hormonal contraceptives, among women of older reproductive age who already may be at increased risk for conditions such as cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. Nonetheless, available evidence does not suggest that hormonal contraceptive use among women of older reproductive age substantially increases age-related risks of cardiovascular events or breast cancer. CDC recommends that contraception is still needed for women older than 44 years who have not reached menopause and wish to avoid pregnancy, and that based on age alone, all contraceptive methods are considered safe or generally safe for use by women of older reproductive age.
随着女性接近更年期，生育能力下降，但仍有可能怀孕。与年轻女性相比，年龄较大的生育期女性的母婴风险增加。相当多的高龄产妇怀孕是意外的，这些怀孕也可能与母婴不良后果有关。然而，女性及其医疗保健提供者可能担心与避孕相关的风险，特别是对于已经患有心血管疾病和乳腺癌等疾病风险增加的年龄较大的生育期女性，使用复方激素避孕药。尽管如此，现有证据并未表明年龄较大的生育期女性使用激素避孕药会显著增加与年龄相关的心血管事件或乳腺癌的风险。疾病预防控制中心建议，对于尚未绝经且希望避免怀孕的 44 岁以上的女性，仍需要避孕，并且仅根据年龄，所有避孕方法都被认为对年龄较大的生育期女性是安全或通常安全的。
