Yumagusin V V, Vinnik M V
The national research institute "Higher School of Economic", Moscow, 101000, Russia,
The national research institute "Higher School of Economic", Moscow, 101000, Russia.
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2017 Sep;25(5):265-268. doi: 10.1016/0869-866X-2017-25-5-265-268.
In Russia, the level of mortality of class of external causes in general and of particular cause within this class two-fold exceeds similar levels of these indices in the developed countries. The actual publications analyzing medical death certificates emphasize underestimation of levels of mortality because of such external causes as murders, suicides, alcohol intoxications, etc. and their transfer to latent form. In this connection, the topic of external causes was chosen to be a purpose of interviewing leading specialists in the field of demography, statistics and medicine. On the basis of analysis of opinions of experts, the issues of quantitative and qualitative statistical registrations of mortality because of external causes were considered. According opinion of experts, the external causes' statistic is to be published in concordance with the ICD-10. On the basis of the short list of ICD-10 the total scale of losses because of mortality of class of external causes and their kinds are clearly demonstrated. However, an in-depth analysis of mortality the detailed elaboration of the short list of ICD-10 is inadequate. The experts also considered both the causes of increasing of such a set of external causes as injuries with uncertain intentions and the means of decreasing level of mortality because of these causes including the main ones - changes of requirements to fill and procedure to issue death certificates. The experts considered too the legislative consolidation of regulation that inquest is to be initiated on the basis of application, report of offense but not the procedural standard concerning institution of prosecution and cardinal amelioration of the system of forensic expertise.
在俄罗斯，总体外部死因类别以及该类别中特定死因的死亡率水平比发达国家的这些指数的类似水平高出两倍。分析医学死亡证明的实际出版物强调，由于谋杀、自杀、酒精中毒等外部原因及其转化为潜在形式，死亡率水平被低估。因此，选择外部死因这一主题作为采访人口统计学、统计学和医学领域顶尖专家的目的。在分析专家意见的基础上，探讨了外部死因死亡率的定量和定性统计登记问题。根据专家意见，外部死因统计应按照国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）发布。基于ICD - 10的简短清单，清楚地展示了外部死因类别及其种类造成的死亡损失总规模。然而，对死亡率进行深入分析时，ICD - 10简短清单的详细阐述并不充分。专家们还考虑了意图不明的伤害等这类外部死因增加的原因，以及降低这些死因死亡率的方法，包括主要方法——改变死亡证明填写要求和开具程序。专家们还考虑了法规的立法整合，即调查应基于申请、犯罪报告启动，而不是关于起诉制度的程序标准以及法医鉴定系统的重大改进。
