Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Leontyevsky Pereulok 9, 125009 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 9;17(21):8270. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218270.
In the 2000s, Russia was globally one of the top 5 countries with the highest levels of alcohol per capita consumption and prevailing risky patterns of drinking, i.e., high intake per occasion, high proportion of people drinking to intoxication, and high frequency of situations where alcohol is consumed and tolerated. In 2009, in response to these challenges, the Russian government formed the Federal Service for Alcohol Market Regulation and published a national strategy concept to reduce alcohol abuse and alcohol-dependence at the population level for the period 2010-2020. The objectives of the present contribution are to analyze the evidence base of the core components of the concept and to provide a comprehensive evaluation framework of measures implemented (process evaluation) and the achievement of the formulated targets (effect evaluation). Most of the concept's measures were found to be evidence-based and aligned with eight out of 10 areas of the World Health Organization (WHO) policy portfolio. Out of the 14 tasks, 7 were rated as achieved, and 7 as partly achieved. Ten years after the concept's adoption, alcohol consumption seems to have declined by about a third and alcohol is conceptualized as a broad risk factor for the population's health in Russia.
21 世纪初，俄罗斯是世界人均酒精消费量最高和危险饮酒模式盛行的前 5 个国家之一，其危险饮酒模式的特点包括：每次饮酒量高、大量人群达到醉酒状态、以及饮酒和耐受的情况频繁发生。2009 年，为应对这些挑战，俄罗斯政府成立了联邦酒精市场监管局，并发布了 2010-2020 年减少人群酒精滥用和酒精依赖的国家战略构想。本研究旨在分析该构想核心内容的证据基础，并提供措施实施情况的综合评估框架（过程评估）和既定目标的实现情况（效果评估）。研究发现，该构想的大部分措施具有循证基础，符合世界卫生组织（WHO）政策组合的 10 个领域中的 8 个领域。在 14 项任务中，有 7 项被评为已完成，7 项部分完成。该构想通过 10 年后，俄罗斯的酒精消费量似乎下降了约三分之一，并且酒精被认为是俄罗斯人口健康的广泛危险因素。
