Department of Environmental Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control , Hangzhou 310058 , China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 May 1;52(9):5027-5047. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06487. Epub 2018 Apr 16.
Biochar is the carbon-rich product of the pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions, and it has received increasing attention due to its multiple functions in the fields of climate change mitigation, sustainable agriculture, environmental control, and novel materials. To design a "smart" biochar for environmentally sustainable applications, one must understand recent advances in biochar molecular structures and explore potential applications to generalize upon structure-application relationships. In this review, multiple and multilevel structures of biochars are interpreted based on their elemental compositions, phase components, surface properties, and molecular structures. Applications such as carbon fixators, fertilizers, sorbents, and carbon-based materials are highlighted based on the biochar multilevel structures as well as their structure-application relationships. Further studies are suggested for more detailed biochar structural analysis and separation and for the combination of macroscopic and microscopic information to develop a higher-level biochar structural design for selective applications.
生物炭是生物质在缺氧条件下热解产生的富碳产物，由于其在气候变化缓解、可持续农业、环境控制和新型材料等领域的多种功能，受到了越来越多的关注。为了设计用于环境可持续应用的“智能”生物炭，必须了解生物炭分子结构的最新进展，并探索潜在的应用，以概括结构-应用关系。在这篇综述中，根据生物炭的元素组成、相组成、表面性质和分子结构，解释了生物炭的多种多层次结构。还根据生物炭的多层次结构及其结构-应用关系，重点介绍了生物炭在碳固定剂、肥料、吸附剂和碳基材料等方面的应用。建议进一步研究更详细的生物炭结构分析和分离，并将宏观和微观信息结合起来，以开发用于选择性应用的更高层次的生物炭结构设计。
