URMITE, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, APHM, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; CNRS, 21 chemin de Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Mar;87:160-168. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.002. Epub 2018 Apr 9.
The immune system plays an indispensable role in the process of tissue regeneration following damage as well as during homeostasis. Inflammation and immune cell recruitment are signs of early onset injury. At the wound site, immune cells not only help to clear debris but also secrete numerous signalling molecules that induce appropriate cell proliferation and differentiation programmes essential for successful regeneration. However, the immune system does not always perform a complementary role in regeneration and several reports have suggested that increased inflammation can inhibit the regeneration process. Successful regeneration requires a balanced immune cell response, with the recruitment of accurately polarised immune cells in an appropriate quantity. The regulatory interactions of the immune system with regeneration are not unidirectional. Stem cells, as key players in regeneration, can also modulate the immune system in several ways to facilitate regeneration. In this review, we will focus on recent research demonstrating the key role of immune system in the regeneration process as well as the immunomodulatory effects of stem cells. Finally, we propose that research investigating the interplay between the immune system and stem cells within highly regenerating animals can benefit the identification of the key interactions and molecules required for successful regeneration.
免疫系统在损伤后的组织再生过程中以及在体内平衡中都起着不可或缺的作用。炎症和免疫细胞募集是早期损伤的迹象。在伤口部位，免疫细胞不仅有助于清除碎片，还分泌大量信号分子，诱导适当的细胞增殖和分化程序，这对成功的再生至关重要。然而，免疫系统在再生过程中并不总是发挥补充作用，有几项报告表明，炎症增加会抑制再生过程。成功的再生需要平衡的免疫细胞反应，需要募集数量适当的精确极化的免疫细胞。免疫系统与再生的调节相互作用不是单向的。干细胞作为再生的关键参与者，也可以通过多种方式调节免疫系统，以促进再生。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍最近的研究，这些研究表明免疫系统在再生过程中的关键作用以及干细胞的免疫调节作用。最后，我们提出，研究高度再生动物中免疫系统和干细胞之间的相互作用，可以有助于确定成功再生所需的关键相互作用和分子。
