CNRS - Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod - UMR5304, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron, France.
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Cognition. 2018 Aug;177:49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.04.005. Epub 2018 Apr 7.
In two experiments, we assessed whether infants are able to learn rules predicated on two abstract relations linked by negation: same and different (not same). In an anticipatory looking paradigm, the relation between successive colored geometrical shapes predicted the location where a puppet would appear next. In Experiment 1, 7-month-olds learned and generalized a rule predicated on the relation same, but not a rule predicated on the relation different. Similarly, in Experiment 2, 12-month-olds learned a rule predicated on the relation same-shape, but not a rule predicated on the relation different-shape. Comparing our data with that from previous experiments in the speech domain, we found no effect of age, modality or rule complexity. We conclude that, in the first year of life, infants already possess a representation of the abstract relation same, which serves as input to a rule. In contrast, we find no evidence that they represent the relation different.
在两项实验中，我们评估了婴儿是否能够学习基于否定联系起来的两个抽象关系的规则：相同和不同（非相同）。在预期的观察范式中，连续的彩色几何形状之间的关系预测了木偶将出现在下一个位置。在实验 1 中，7 个月大的婴儿学习并推广了基于相同关系的规则，但没有推广基于不同关系的规则。同样，在实验 2 中，12 个月大的婴儿学习了基于相同形状的规则，但没有学习基于不同形状的规则。将我们的数据与之前在言语领域的实验数据进行比较，我们发现年龄、模态或规则复杂性没有影响。我们得出结论，在生命的第一年，婴儿已经拥有了抽象关系相同的表示，这是规则的输入。相比之下，我们没有发现他们表示不同关系的证据。
