Murhekar Manoj, Vivian Thangaraj Jeromie Wesley, Mittal Mahima, Gupta Nivedita
National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India.
BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, India.
J Med Entomol. 2018 May 4;55(3):523-526. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy042.
Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high case fatality have been occurring in Gorakhpur division in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, for more than three decades. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) accounted for <10% of AES cases, while the etiology of the remaining cases remained largely unknown. Investigations conducted during the 2014 and 2015 outbreaks indicated Orientia tsutsugamushi (Haruo Hayashi 1920) (Norio Ogata 1929) Tamura et al. 1995 (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) as the etiology in about 60% of AES cases. Hospital-based surveillance studies indicated that about one-fifth of the patients with acute febrile illness were due to scrub typhus. Further studies are required to identify the etiology of about a third of AES cases that test negative for scrub typhus, JEV, or dengue.
三十多年来，印度北方邦东部的戈勒克布尔地区一直季节性爆发急性脑炎综合征（AES），病死率很高。日本脑炎病毒（JEV）导致的AES病例占比不到10%，其余病例的病因在很大程度上仍不清楚。2014年和2015年疫情期间的调查表明，大约60%的AES病例病因是恙虫病东方体（林原春夫，1920年）（绪方典夫，1929年）田村等人，1995年（立克次氏体目：立克次氏体科）。基于医院的监测研究表明，约五分之一的急性发热性疾病患者是由恙虫病引起的。对于约三分之一恙虫病、日本脑炎病毒或登革热检测呈阴性的AES病例，还需要进一步研究以确定其病因。
