Rice Valerie J, Liu Baoxia, Schroeder Paul J
Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering, U.S. Army Medical Department Field Element, 3250 Koehler Rd, Suite 1099, Ft. Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-7731.
DCS Corporation, 6909 Metro Park Drive, Suite 500, Alexandria, VA 22310.
Mil Med. 2018 Mar 1;183(suppl_1):413-420. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usx227.
Mindfulness meditation training has been shown to reduce stress and improve short-term memory for military personnel. However, no studies have investigated the effects of in-person and virtual world (VW) mindfulness training on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms. In this study, U.S. military active duty service members and veterans were pseudo-randomized into two mindfulness training groups: in-person (IP) and online via a VW, and a wait-list control group. Volunteers answered a demographic questionnaire, and completed the PTSD Checklist-Military Version (PCL-M) and ADHD Current Symptoms Scale before and after training. The results showed practical and clinically relevant reductions in PTSD symptoms, particular for the IP group, but did not show statistical relevance with hypothesis testing. Results also showed post-training reductions in ADHD symptoms for both IP and VW groups, but no change for the control group. To investigate the effects of initial ADHD symptoms, IP and VW groups were combined into a single Mindfulness Training group. Those with high-initial ADHD symptoms attending training showed improvements, but the control group did not. These results expand research on the mindfulness training, and suggest that IP mindfulness training, rather than VW training, may be of greater benefit for those with PTSD symptoms, while either delivery system appears adequate for reducing attentional symptoms.
正念冥想训练已被证明可以减轻军人的压力并改善其短期记忆。然而，尚无研究调查面对面和虚拟世界（VW）正念训练对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）或注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的影响。在本研究中，美国现役军人和退伍军人被伪随机分为两个正念训练组：面对面（IP）组和通过虚拟世界进行的在线组，以及一个等待列表对照组。志愿者在训练前后回答了一份人口统计学问卷，并完成了创伤后应激障碍检查表 - 军事版（PCL - M）和ADHD当前症状量表。结果显示，PTSD症状有实际的和临床相关的减轻，特别是IP组，但在假设检验中未显示出统计学相关性。结果还显示，IP组和VW组在训练后ADHD症状均有所减轻，但对照组没有变化。为了研究初始ADHD症状的影响，将IP组和VW组合并为一个正念训练组。接受训练的初始ADHD症状较高的人有所改善，但对照组没有。这些结果扩展了对正念训练的研究，并表明IP正念训练而非VW训练可能对有PTSD症状的人更有益，而两种训练方式似乎都足以减轻注意力症状。
