天气、路面、一天中的时间和光照条件对自行车-机动车碰撞伤害严重程度的影响。
The impact of weather, road surface, time-of-day, and light conditions on severity of bicycle-motor vehicle crash injuries.
机构信息
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Liberty Mutual Research Institute of Safety, Center for Injury Epidemiology, Hopkinton, Massachusetts.
出版信息
Am J Ind Med. 2018 Jul;61(7):556-565. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22849. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
BACKGROUND
This study examined whether environmental variables including weather, road surface, time-of-day, and light conditions were associated with the severity of injuries resulting from bicycle-motor vehicle crashes.
METHODS
Using log-binomial regressions, we analyzed 113 470 police reports collected between 2000 and 2014 in four U.S. states with environmental and injury severity information. "Severe" injuries included fatal and incapacitating injuries, and "non-severe" included non-incapacitating, possible or no-injuries.
RESULTS
Light condition was significantly associated with the injury severity to the bicyclist with more severe injuries at dawn (RR = 1.62 [95%CI 1.35-1.94]) and during darkness (both lighted and unlighted roads: 1.32 [1.24-1.40], respectively, 1.57 [1.41-1.76]) as compared to daylight. In these conditions of low visibility, risk was further increased during early morning hours before 7 am (1.61 [1.22-2.13]).
CONCLUSIONS
Crashes in low light conditions and during early morning hours are more likely to result in higher injury severity.
背景
本研究旨在探讨环境变量（包括天气、路面状况、一天中的时间和光照条件）是否与自行车与机动车碰撞造成的伤害严重程度有关。
方法
我们使用对数二项式回归分析，对 2000 年至 2014 年间美国四个州收集的包含环境和伤害严重程度信息的 113470 份警方报告进行了分析。“严重”伤害包括致命和致残伤害，“非严重”伤害包括非致残、可能无伤害或无伤害。
结果
光照条件与自行车骑手的伤害严重程度显著相关，黎明时分（RR=1.62[95%CI 1.35-1.94]）和黑暗时（有光和无光道路：分别为 1.32[1.24-1.40]，1.57[1.41-1.76]）的伤害更为严重，与白天相比。在这些低能见度条件下，清晨 7 点前的早高峰时段风险进一步增加（1.61[1.22-2.13]）。
结论
在低光照条件下和清晨时段发生的碰撞更有可能导致更严重的伤害。
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