Berendsen Remco R, van Vessem Marieke E, Bruins Marcel, Teppema Luc J S M, Aarts Leon P H J, Kayser Bengt
1 Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, Netherlands .
2 Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, Netherlands .
High Alt Med Biol. 2018 Sep;19(3):232-236. doi: 10.1089/ham.2017.0145. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
Berendsen, Remco R., Marieke E. van Vessem, Marcel Bruins, Luc J.S.M. Teppema, Leon P.H.J. Aarts, and Bengt Kayser. Electronic nose technology fails to sniff out acute mountain sickness. High Alt Med Biol. 19:232-236, 2018.
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether an electronic nose can discriminate between individuals with and without acute mountain sickness (AMS) following rapid ascent to 4554 m.
We recruited recreational climbers (19 women, 82 men; age 35 ± 10 years, mean ± standard deviation [SD]) upon arrival at 4554 m (Capanna Regina Margherita, Italy) for a proof of concept study. AMS was assessed with the Lake Louise self-report score (LLSRS) and the abbreviated Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQc); scores ≥3 and ≥0.7 were considered AMS, respectively. Exhaled air was analyzed with an electronic nose (Aeonose; The eNose Company, Netherlands). The collected data were analyzed using an artificial neural network. AMS prevalence was 44% with the LLSRS (mean score of those sick 4.4 ± 1.4 [SD]) and 20% with the ESQc (1.2 ± 0.5). The electronic nose could not discriminate between AMS and no AMS (LLSRS p = 0.291; ESQc p = 0.805).
The electronic nose technology utilized in this study could not discriminate between climbers with and without symptoms of AMS in the setting of an acute exposure to an altitude of 4554 m. At this stage, we cannot fully exclude that this technology per se is not able to discriminate for AMS. The quest for objective means to diagnose AMS thus continues.
贝伦森，雷姆科·R.，玛丽克·E.范·韦瑟姆，马塞尔·布鲁因斯，吕克·J.S.M.特佩马，利昂·P.H.J.阿尔茨，以及本特·凯泽。电子鼻技术无法检测出急性高山病。《高海拔医学与生物学》。19:232 - 236，2018年。
本研究的目的是评估电子鼻能否区分快速上升到4554米后患有和未患有急性高山病（AMS）的个体。
我们招募了休闲登山者（19名女性，82名男性；年龄35 ± 10岁，平均值 ± 标准差[SD]），他们抵达4554米（意大利玛格丽塔女王小屋）后参与一项概念验证研究。使用路易斯湖自我报告评分（LLSRS）和简化环境症状问卷（ESQc）评估AMS；得分≥3分和≥0.7分分别被视为患有AMS。用电子鼻（Aeonose；荷兰电子鼻公司）分析呼出的空气。使用人工神经网络分析收集的数据。根据LLSRS，AMS患病率为44%（患病者平均得分为4.4 ± 1.4[SD]），根据ESQc为20%（1.2 ± 0.5）。电子鼻无法区分患有和未患有AMS的个体（LLSRS p = 0.291；ESQc p = 0.805）。
本研究中使用的电子鼻技术无法在急性暴露于4554米海拔高度的情况下区分有和没有AMS症状的登山者。在现阶段，我们不能完全排除这项技术本身无法区分AMS的可能性。因此，对诊断AMS的客观方法的探索仍在继续。
