Hernández-Vásquez A, Núñez S, Santero M, Grendas L, Huarez B, Vilcarromero S, Casas-Bendezú M, Braun S, Cortés S, Rosselli D
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Privada del Norte. Lima (Perú).
Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC). Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial. Quito (Ecuador).
Rev Esp Sanid Penit. 2018;20(1):11-20.
To assess the prevalence of drug abuse before prison admission and to identify associated sociodemographic and family history risk factors, according to gender, in prisons of Peru.
A secondary analysis was carried out with data from the First National Prisoner Census 2016, using a questionnaire of 173 items that was applied to the whole prison population of Peru. The types of drugs used before admission were analyzed according to characteristics of the penitentiary population, and generalized linear models were used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals to identify possible factors associated with drug use.
Out of a population of 76,180 prisoners, 71,184 (93.4%) answered the survey (men 67,071, 94.2%). The overall prevalence of drug consumption before admission was 24.4% (25.3 % in men and 9.1% in women), the highest prevalence in the 18-29 age group (36.3% in men and 14.9% in women). The most commonly used drugs were marijuana (58.2%), coca paste/cocaine or crack (40.3%) and inhalants (1%). The factors most strongly associated with consumption were having a family member who consumed drugs (59.8%), history of previous imprisonment (59.1%), unemployment (48.4%), relationships at school with classmates who had problems with the law (46.9%), background of a family member who attended a penitentiary (38.4%), and history of running away from home before age 15 (35.9%).
In Peru, drug use is higher in the prison population than in the general population, and there are differences according to sex in the prevalence of drug use and associated factors prior to admission to a prison. The study demonstrated that childhood events, such as child abuse, having a family member imprisoned, having a family member who used drugs, or who previously abused alcohol, are factors associated with drug use in the penitentiary population. Some of these risk factors are modifiable, so it is important to consider these in the design of social and health policies focused on specific subpopulations to prevent drug use and crime.
评估秘鲁监狱中入狱前药物滥用的患病率，并根据性别确定相关的社会人口统计学和家族史风险因素。
对2016年第一次全国囚犯普查的数据进行二次分析，使用一份包含173个条目的问卷，该问卷应用于秘鲁全体监狱人口。根据监狱人口特征分析入狱前使用的毒品类型，并使用广义线性模型计算患病率比值及95%置信区间，以确定与药物使用相关的可能因素。
在76180名囚犯中，71184人（93.4%）回答了调查（男性67071人，占94.2%）。入狱前药物消费的总体患病率为24.4%（男性为25.3%，女性为9.1%），18 - 29岁年龄组患病率最高（男性为36.3%，女性为14.9%）。最常用的毒品是大麻（58.2%）、古柯糊/可卡因或快克（40.3%）以及吸入剂（1%）。与药物消费最密切相关的因素包括有吸毒的家庭成员（59.8%）、有前科（59.1%）、失业（48.4%）、在学校与有法律问题的同学有关系（46.9%）、有家庭成员曾入狱（38.4%）以及15岁前有离家出走史（35.9%）。
在秘鲁，监狱人口中的药物使用率高于一般人群，且入狱前药物使用的患病率及相关因素存在性别差异。该研究表明，童年时期的事件，如虐待儿童、有家庭成员入狱、有吸毒或曾酗酒的家庭成员等，是与监狱人口药物使用相关的因素。其中一些风险因素是可以改变的，因此在针对特定亚人群制定预防药物使用和犯罪的社会及健康政策时，考虑这些因素很重要。
