Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 2018, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre de Biologie, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Toxins (Basel). 2018 Apr 10;10(4):151. doi: 10.3390/toxins10040151.
Cyclomodulins are bacterial toxins that interfere with the eukaryotic cell cycle. A new cyclomodulin called colibactin, which is synthetized by the genomic island, was discovered in 2006. Despite many efforts, colibactin has not yet been purified, and its structure remains elusive. Interestingly, the island is found in members of the family (mainly and ) isolated from different origins, including from intestinal microbiota, septicaemia, newborn meningitis, and urinary tract infections. Colibactin-producing bacteria induce chromosomal instability and DNA damage in eukaryotic cells, which leads to senescence of epithelial cells and apoptosis of immune cells. The island is mainly observed in B2 phylogroup strains, which include extra-intestinal pathogenic strains, and are over-represented in biopsies isolated from colorectal cancer. In addition, bacteria increase the number of tumours in diverse colorectal cancer mouse models. Thus, colibactin could have a major impact on human health. In the present review, we will focus on the biological effects of colibactin, the distribution of the island, and summarize what is currently known about its synthesis and its structure.
环肽是一类能够干扰真核细胞周期的细菌毒素。2006 年，人们发现了一种新的环肽，称为肠菌素(colibactin)，它由基因组岛合成。尽管已经做了很多努力，但肠菌素尚未被纯化，其结构仍然难以捉摸。有趣的是，该岛存在于从不同来源（包括肠道微生物群、败血症、新生儿脑膜炎和尿路感染）分离出的家族成员（主要是和）中。产生肠菌素的细菌会在真核细胞中诱导染色体不稳定性和 DNA 损伤，导致上皮细胞衰老和免疫细胞凋亡。该岛主要存在于 B2 phylogroup 菌株中，其中包括肠外致病性菌株，并且在从结直肠癌中分离出的活检中过度表达。此外，细菌会增加各种结直肠癌小鼠模型中的肿瘤数量。因此，肠菌素可能对人类健康有重大影响。在本综述中，我们将重点关注肠菌素的生物学效应、基因组岛的分布，并总结目前已知的其合成和结构。
