Esener Obb, Balkan B M, Armutak E I, Uvez A, Yildiz G, Hafizoglu M, Yilmazer N, Gurel-Gurevin E
a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul.
b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Mehmet Akif Ersoy University , Burdur.
Biotech Histochem. 2018;93(6):424-431. doi: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1448112. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
Donkey milk and donkey milk kefir exhibit antiproliferative, antimutagenic and antibacterial effects. We investigated the effects of donkey milk and donkey milk kefir on oxidative stress, apoptosis and proliferation in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. Thirty-four adult male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, administered 0.5 ml water; group 2, administered 0.5 ml water + EAC cells; group 3, administered 0.5 ml donkey milk + EAC cells; group 4, administered 0.5 ml donkey milk kefir + EAC cells. We introduced 2.5 x 10 EAC cells into each animal by subcutaneous injection. Tap water, donkey milk and donkey milk kefir were administered by gavage for 10 days. Animals were sacrificed on day 11. After measuring the short and long diameters of the tumors, tissues were processed for histology. To determine oxidative stress, cell death and proliferation iNOS and eNOS, active caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were assessed using immunohistochemistry. A TUNEL assay also was used to detect apoptosis. Tumor volume decreased in the donkey milk kefir group compared to the control and donkey milk groups. Tumor volume increased in the donkey milk group compared to the control group. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels were higher in the donkey milk kefir group compared to the control and donkey milk groups. The number of apoptotic cells was less in the donkey milk group, compared to the control, whereas it was highest in the donkey milk kefir group. Donkey milk administration increased eNOS levels and decreased iNOS levels, compared to the control group. In the donkey milk kefir group, iNOS levels were significantly lower than those of the control and donkey milk groups, while eNOS levels were similar to the control group. Donkey milk kefir induced apoptosis, suppressed proliferation and decreased co-expression of iNOS and eNOS. Donkey milk promoted development of the tumors. Therefore, donkey milk kefir appears to be more beneficial for treating breast cancer than donkey milk.
驴奶和驴奶开菲尔具有抗增殖、抗诱变和抗菌作用。我们研究了驴奶和驴奶开菲尔对小鼠艾氏腹水癌（EAC）氧化应激、细胞凋亡和增殖的影响。34只成年雄性瑞士白化小鼠分为以下四组：第1组，给予0.5毫升水；第2组，给予0.5毫升水+EAC细胞；第3组，给予0.5毫升驴奶+EAC细胞；第4组，给予0.5毫升驴奶开菲尔+EAC细胞。通过皮下注射将2.5×10个EAC细胞引入每只动物体内。自来水、驴奶和驴奶开菲尔通过灌胃给药10天。在第11天处死动物。测量肿瘤的短径和长径后，对组织进行组织学处理。为了确定氧化应激、细胞死亡和增殖情况，使用免疫组织化学评估诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）、活化的半胱天冬酶-3和增殖细胞核抗原。还使用TUNEL检测法检测细胞凋亡。与对照组和驴奶组相比，驴奶开菲尔组的肿瘤体积减小。与对照组相比，驴奶组的肿瘤体积增大。与对照组和驴奶组相比，驴奶开菲尔组的增殖细胞核抗原水平更高。与对照组相比，驴奶组的凋亡细胞数量更少，而在驴奶开菲尔组中凋亡细胞数量最多。与对照组相比，给予驴奶可提高eNOS水平并降低iNOS水平。在驴奶开菲尔组中，iNOS水平显著低于对照组和驴奶组，而eNOS水平与对照组相似。驴奶开菲尔诱导细胞凋亡、抑制增殖并降低iNOS和eNOS的共表达。驴奶促进肿瘤发展。因此，驴奶开菲尔似乎比驴奶在治疗乳腺癌方面更有益。
