Positive correlation of serum leptin levels and peripheral arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE

Leptin plays a pathophysiologic role in the pathogenesis of aortic dysfunction and peripheral arterial stiffness (PAS). Our aim was to evaluate the risk factors for developing PAS and the association of leptin and PAS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fasting blood samples were obtained for biochemical data and leptin determinations from 105 patients with type 2 DM. In this study, we applied an automatic pulse wave analyzer (VaSera VS-1000) to measure the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV); a baPWV value >14.0 m/s on either side was considered high PAS.

RESULTS

Seventy-five patients (71.4%) had high PAS and they included a higher percentage of patients with hypertension ( < 0.001), older age ( < 0.001), and a higher body fat mass ( = 0.043), systolic blood pressure ( < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure ( = 0.016), serum blood urea nitrogen ( = 0.003), and leptin level ( < 0.001), and lower height ( = 0.027) and glomerular filtration rate ( < 0.001) compared with type 2 DM patients with low PAS. After adjusting for factors significantly associated with PAS in these patients by multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (β = 0.470, adjusted change = 0.279; < 0.001), logarithmically transformed leptin (log-leptin, β = 0.259, adjusted change = 0.085; = 0.001), and hypertension (β = 0.197, adjusted change = 0.031; = 0.011) were significant independent predictors of PAS in type 2 DM patients.

CONCLUSION

The serum leptin level could be a predictor of PAS in type 2 DM patients.