Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R
Section of Dermatology, Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1988;60(2):89-94. doi: 10.1007/BF00381486.
An analysis of 10 years (1974-1983) of statistics was carried out at the Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Section of Dermatology, which is devoted to occupational dermatology. A total of 1,082 cases of occupational skin diseases were diagnosed during this period. Allergic (50.1%) and toxic eczema (47.1%) comprised the majority of occupational cases of dermatosis. The most frequent causes of allergic occupational eczemas were rubber chemicals (19.9%), chromates (18.8%), and epoxy resins (13.1%). If the metals (chromium, nickel and cobalt) were considered as a group, they formed the largest category (28.4%), followed by the plastic materials (27.7%). Detergents (37.8%), followed by organic solvents (16.1%), were responsible for most of the irritant (toxic) eczemas. Occupational skin diseases currently make up about 20% of all occupational diseases in Finland, but the percentage is decreasing.
赫尔辛基职业健康研究所皮肤科专门从事职业性皮肤病研究，对1974年至1983年这10年的统计数据进行了分析。在此期间共诊断出1082例职业性皮肤病病例。变应性（50.1%）和中毒性湿疹（47.1%）占职业性皮肤病病例的大多数。变应性职业性湿疹最常见的病因是橡胶化学品（19.9%）、铬酸盐（18.8%）和环氧树脂（13.1%）。如果将金属（铬、镍和钴）视为一组，它们构成最大类别（28.4%），其次是塑料材料（27.7%）。洗涤剂（37.8%），其次是有机溶剂（16.1%），是大多数刺激性（中毒性）湿疹的病因。职业性皮肤病目前约占芬兰所有职业病的20%，但这一比例正在下降。
