1Health Science Centre,Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia,Santo Antônio de Jesus,Bahia 44574-490,Brazil.
3Science Nutrition Department,Federal University of Bahia,Salvador,Bahia 40110-150,Brazil.
Br J Nutr. 2018 Apr;119(8):859-879. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518000533.
This study systematised and synthesised the results of observational studies that were aimed at supporting the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors among adolescents. Relevant scientific articles were searched in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS. Observational studies that included the measurement of any CMR factor in healthy adolescents and dietary patterns were included. The search strategy retained nineteen articles for qualitative analysis. Among retained articles, the effects of dietary pattern on the means of BMI (n 18), waist circumference (WC) (n 9), systolic blood pressure (n 7), diastolic blood pressure (n 6), blood glucose (n 5) and lipid profile (n 5) were examined. Systematised evidence showed that an unhealthy dietary pattern appears to be associated with poor mean values of CMR factors among adolescents. However, evidence of a protective effect of healthier dietary patterns in this group remains unclear. Considering the number of studies with available information, a meta-analysis of anthropometric measures showed that dietary patterns characterised by the highest intake of unhealthy foods resulted in a higher mean BMI (0·57 kg/m²; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·63) and WC (0·57 cm; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·67) compared with low intake of unhealthy foods. Controversially, patterns characterised by a low intake of healthy foods were associated with a lower mean BMI (-0·41 kg/m²; 95 % CI -0·46,-0·36) and WC (-0·43 cm; 95 % CI -0·52,-0·33). An unhealthy dietary pattern may influence markers of CMR among adolescents, but considering the small number and limitations of the studies included, further studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence of this relation.
这项研究系统地综合了观察性研究的结果，这些研究旨在支持青少年饮食模式与心血管代谢风险（CMR）因素之间的关联。在 PUBMED、EMBASE、SCIENCE DIRECT、LILACS、WEB OF SCIENCE 和 SCOPUS 中搜索了相关的科学文章。纳入了包含健康青少年中任何 CMR 因素和饮食模式测量的观察性研究。搜索策略保留了 19 篇用于定性分析的文章。在保留的文章中，饮食模式对 BMI（n18）、腰围（WC）（n9）、收缩压（n7）、舒张压（n6）、血糖（n5）和血脂谱（n5）均值的影响进行了检验。系统评价证据表明，不健康的饮食模式似乎与青少年 CMR 因素的均值较差有关。然而，在该人群中，更健康的饮食模式具有保护作用的证据尚不清楚。考虑到有可用信息的研究数量，对人体测量指标的荟萃分析表明，富含不健康食物的饮食模式导致更高的平均 BMI（0.57kg/m²；95%CI0.51,0.63）和 WC（0.57cm；95%CI0.47,0.67），而低摄入不健康食物的饮食模式则相反。具有低健康食物摄入量特征的模式与较低的平均 BMI（-0.41kg/m²；95%CI-0.46，-0.36）和 WC（-0.43cm；95%CI-0.52，-0.33）相关。不健康的饮食模式可能会影响青少年 CMR 的标志物，但考虑到纳入研究的数量和局限性，需要进一步的研究来加强这种关系的证据。
