Children's Health & Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2024 Apr 27;16(9):1315. doi: 10.3390/nu16091315.
Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This systematic review aims to provide the first synthesis of observational and interventional studies on the relationship between diet and cardiovascular health in CCSs.
A comprehensive search was conducted for studies published between 1990 and July 2023 in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, and Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included observational and interventional studies examining the associations or effects of dietary factors on CVD incidence, cardiac dysfunction, or CVD risk factors in CCSs diagnosed before age 25 years.
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria (nine observational and one interventional). Collectively, they comprised 3485 CCSs (male, 1734; female, 1751). The outcomes examined across observational studies included characteristics of obesity, diabetes biomarkers, hypertension indicators, dyslipidaemia biomarkers, and metabolic syndrome. The evidence suggested that greater adherence to healthy diets was associated with lower body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, and triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The 12-week lifestyle intervention study in childhood leukaemia survivors found no impact on obesity indicators.
The review results indicate the potentially protective effects of healthy diets. However, the available research remains preliminary and limited, underscoring the need for more rigorous, adequately powered studies.
儿童癌症幸存者（CCS）面临心血管疾病（CVD）风险增加的问题。本系统评价旨在对观察性和干预性研究进行首次综合分析，探讨 CCS 饮食与心血管健康之间的关系。
对 1990 年至 2023 年 7 月期间在 PubMed、MEDLINE、CINAHL、儿童发展与青少年研究和 Cochrane Library 发表的研究进行了全面检索。符合条件的研究包括观察性和干预性研究，这些研究检查了饮食因素与 CVD 发生率、心功能障碍或 25 岁以下诊断为 CCS 的 CVD 风险因素之间的关联或影响。
有 10 项研究符合纳入标准（9 项观察性研究和 1 项干预性研究）。共有 3485 名 CCS 参与了这些研究（男性 1734 人，女性 1751 人）。观察性研究中检查的结果包括肥胖特征、糖尿病生物标志物、高血压指标、血脂异常生物标志物和代谢综合征。证据表明，更严格地遵循健康饮食与较低的体重指数、血压、血糖和甘油三酯以及较高的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇有关。对儿童白血病幸存者进行的为期 12 周的生活方式干预研究发现，肥胖指标没有变化。
综述结果表明健康饮食可能具有保护作用。然而，现有研究仍然初步且有限，这突显了需要进行更严格、充分有力的研究。
