Williams W W, Hickson M A, Kane M A, Kendal A P, Spika J S, Hinman A R
Division of Immunization, Center for Prevention Services, Atlanta, Georgia.
Ann Intern Med. 1988 Apr;108(4):616-25. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-616.
A substantial proportion of vaccine-preventable diseases occur among adults. Each year, there are more than 20,000 influenza-associated deaths during epidemics, approximately 40,000 deaths related to pneumococcal disease, and one to five cases of diphtheria. More than 300,000 hepatitis B infections occur annually, mostly in patients 15 to 29 years old. From 1982 to 1986, 96% of patients with tetanus were age 20 and older. Among young adults, 5% to 20% are susceptible to rubella and measles, and outbreaks occur where these persons congregate. Most adults are not immunized, despite recommendations for vaccines against these diseases. Vigorous efforts are needed to implement strategies to reduce disease incidence, morbidity, and death among adults.
很大一部分可通过疫苗预防的疾病发生在成年人中。每年，流感流行期间有超过20000例与流感相关的死亡病例，约40000例与肺炎球菌疾病相关的死亡病例，以及1至5例白喉病例。每年有超过30万例乙型肝炎感染病例，其中大多数发生在15至29岁的患者中。1982年至1986年期间，96%的破伤风患者年龄在20岁及以上。在年轻成年人中，5%至20%易感染风疹和麻疹，这些人聚集的地方会发生疫情。尽管有针对这些疾病的疫苗接种建议，但大多数成年人并未接种疫苗。需要大力努力实施各项战略，以降低成年人中的疾病发病率、发病率和死亡率。
