Staub Adrian, Goddard Kirk
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2019 Jan;45(1):110-127. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000561. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
A word's predictability, as measured by its cloze probability, has a robust influence on the time a reader's eyes spend on the word, with more predictable words receiving shorter fixations. However, several previous studies using the boundary paradigm have found no apparent effect of predictability on early reading time measures when the reader does not have valid parafoveal preview of the target word. The present study directly assesses this pattern in two experiments, demonstrating evidence for a null effect of predictability on first fixation and gaze duration with invalid preview, supported by Bayes factor analyses. While the effect of context independent word frequency is shown to survive with invalid preview, consistent with previous studies, the effect of predictability is eliminated with both unrelated word previews and random letter string previews. These results suggest that a word's predictability influences early stages of orthographic processing, and does so only when perceptual evidence is equivocal, as is the case when the word is initially viewed in parafoveal vision. Word frequency may influence not only early orthographic processing, but also later processing stages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
一个单词的可预测性，通过其完形概率来衡量，对读者眼睛注视该单词的时间有显著影响，可预测性越高的单词，注视时间越短。然而，此前几项使用边界范式的研究发现，当读者对目标单词没有有效的副中央凹预视时，可预测性对早期阅读时间指标没有明显影响。本研究通过两个实验直接评估了这种模式，贝叶斯因子分析支持了实验结果，即当预视无效时，可预测性对首次注视和注视持续时间没有影响。与之前的研究一致，虽然上下文无关的单词频率效应在预视无效时依然存在，但可预测性效应在无关单词预视和随机字母串预视中均被消除。这些结果表明，一个单词的可预测性会影响正字法加工的早期阶段，并且只有在感知证据不明确时才会如此，就像单词最初在副中央凹视觉中被看到时的情况一样。单词频率可能不仅会影响早期的正字法加工，还会影响后期的加工阶段。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2018美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
