Özkan Zeynep G, Hyönä Jukka, Fernández-López Maria, Perea Manuel
Departamento de Metodología and ERI‑Lectura, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Psychol Res. 2025 Jul 22;89(4):125. doi: 10.1007/s00426-025-02154-9.
Although computational models of eye movement control in reading have focused on horizontal text layouts, vertically oriented text is also encountered in daily life in the Roman script. To examine the interplay between saccade programming and lexical processing under vertical reading in the Roman script, we manipulated (1) the layout of words in a sentence (horizontal vs. vertical) and (2) word frequency (high vs. low). In the vertical layout, the words themselves remained in standard orientation but were arranged vertically (one below the other). Eye-movement measures at the sentence level (e.g., total reading time, number of fixations) showed a cost for the vertical arrangement, primarily reflected in longer fixation durations rather than a greater number of fixations. Critically, at the target-word level, the word-frequency effect -which increased in later eye-fixation measures (gaze duration, total time)- remained similar in size across both layouts. The additive pattern of word frequency and text layout, supported by Bayes factors, suggests that slower saccade programming in the vertical format does not substantially impact lexical processing. While lexical processing can influence saccade programming, delays in saccade programming do not, in turn, alter lexical processing-a pattern that constrains current models of eye movement control in reading.
尽管阅读中眼动控制的计算模型主要关注水平文本布局，但在日常生活中，罗马字母书写的文本也会出现垂直方向的排版。为了研究罗马字母垂直阅读时扫视编程与词汇加工之间的相互作用，我们操纵了两个因素：（1）句子中单词的布局（水平与垂直）；（2）单词频率（高与低）。在垂直布局中，单词本身保持标准方向，但垂直排列（一个在另一个下方）。句子层面的眼动指标（如总阅读时间、注视次数）显示，垂直排列存在代价，主要表现为注视持续时间更长，而非注视次数更多。关键的是，在目标词层面，单词频率效应（在后期眼动注视指标，即注视时长、总时间中增加）在两种布局中大小相似。单词频率和文本布局的相加模式，得到贝叶斯因子的支持，表明垂直格式下较慢的扫视编程不会对词汇加工产生实质性影响。虽然词汇加工会影响扫视编程，但扫视编程的延迟反过来不会改变词汇加工——这一模式限制了当前阅读中眼动控制的模型。
