Author Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Clinical Cancer Research Center (Drs Pedersen, Lörincz, and Falkmer); Clinical Nursing Research Unit (Drs Pedersen and Grønkjær), Aalborg University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University (Drs Falkmer and Grønkjær); Institute of Public Health, Section of Nursing, Aarhus University and Health Faculty, Aalborg University, Denmark (Dr Delmar); University College Diakonova, Oslo (Dr Delmar); and The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø, Norway (Dr Delmar).
Cancer Nurs. 2019 Mar/Apr;42(2):91-105. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000590.
Despite several investigations, findings on weight changes during and after adjuvant treatment for breast cancer are diverse and point in several directions.
The aims of this study were to investigate changes in weight and body composition associated with contemporary anticancer medication and to examine factors that might influence the assessment and diversity of the findings.
This article used the method of a scoping review to map the body of literature. From searching the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE using MeSH terms, CINAHL terms, and Emtree, as well as free text, 19 articles were selected for further investigation.
The scoping review illustrates how findings in weight and body composition changes fluctuate over time as illustrated in 4 measure points: short term, 1 year, 18 months/2 years, and long term. The studies displayed differences regarding study designs, sample sizes, treatment regimens, measure points and techniques, and cutoff values for assessing weight changes, which make it difficult to synthesize findings and provide strong evidence for use in clinical practice.
Synthesizing findings over time illustrates the need for attention on younger premenopausal women given chemotherapy. Weight need to be monitored for at least 2 years as short-term changes may be caused by increased body water, whereas long-term changes seem to be related with increased fat mass essential for risking recurrence and early death.
The diversity in methods discloses the need for the research community to reach consensus regarding study designs for future research in this area.
尽管已经进行了多项研究，但有关乳腺癌辅助治疗期间和之后体重变化的研究结果却存在差异，且指向多个方向。
本研究旨在调查与当代抗癌药物相关的体重和身体成分变化，并探讨可能影响评估和研究结果多样性的因素。
本文采用范围综述方法来绘制文献综述。通过使用 MeSH 术语、CINAHL 术语和 Emtree 以及自由文本在 PubMed、CINAHL 和 EMBASE 数据库中进行搜索，共选择了 19 篇文章进行进一步调查。
范围综述说明了体重和身体成分变化的研究结果随时间波动的情况，如图 4 个测量点所示：短期、1 年、18 个月/2 年和长期。这些研究在研究设计、样本量、治疗方案、测量点和技术以及评估体重变化的临界值方面存在差异，这使得综合研究结果并为临床实践提供有力证据变得困难。
随着时间的推移综合研究结果表明，需要关注接受化疗的年轻绝经前女性。体重需要至少监测 2 年，因为短期变化可能是由于身体水分增加引起的，而长期变化似乎与增加脂肪量有关，这对复发和早期死亡的风险至关重要。
方法的多样性表明，研究界需要就该领域未来研究的研究设计达成共识。
