**背景**：咀嚼恰特草（khat）是一种流行的消遣性药物，尤其是在东非和阿拉伯半岛。这种植物含有兴奋剂卡西酮，与安非他命和可卡因具有相似的化学结构。恰特草的使用在一些国家被禁止，但在其他地方却被广泛使用。目前，恰特草在全球的流行情况尚不清楚。 **目的**：评估埃塞俄比亚大学生中咀嚼恰特草的流行率和预测因素。 **设计**：系统评价和荟萃分析。 **地点**：埃塞俄比亚。 **方法**：我们检索了 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆、PsycINFO 和 African Journals Online 数据库，以确定截至 2022 年 10 月发表的关于埃塞俄比亚大学生中咀嚼恰特草流行率和预测因素的研究。使用随机效应模型计算了合并的流行率。使用荟萃回归分析评估了预测因素。 **结果**：共纳入了 24 项研究，包括 21,340 名学生。总体而言，19.4%的学生报告曾咀嚼过恰特草。在性别方面，男性（22.3%）比女性（16.4%）更有可能咀嚼恰特草。在年龄方面，19-24 岁（23.3%）和 25-29 岁（24.6%）的学生比 15-18 岁（16.1%）的学生更有可能咀嚼恰特草。在地理位置方面，南部地区（22.4%）和东部地区（20.5%）的学生比其他地区（16.4%）的学生更有可能咀嚼恰特草。在预测因素方面，性别、年龄、地理位置、年级、专业、月收入、与朋友一起咀嚼、受家人影响和社会压力与咀嚼恰特草有关。 **结论**：埃塞俄比亚大学生中咀嚼恰特草的流行率较高，预测因素包括性别、年龄、地理位置、年级、专业、月收入、与朋友一起咀嚼、受家人影响和社会压力。需要采取有效的预防和干预措施来减少大学生中咀嚼恰特草的流行。
Prevalence and predictors of khat chewing among Ethiopian university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
机构信息
Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Apr 12;13(4):e0195718. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195718. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
Khat chewing has become a common practice among university students in developing countries like Ethiopia. It has a potential effect on physical, mental, social and cognitive aspects of student functioning. In Ethiopia, study findings regarding the prevalence of khat chewing were highly dispersed and inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the pooled prevalence of khat chewing and its predictors among Ethiopian university students.
METHOD
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of khat chewing among university students in Ethiopia. We searched literature from the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 24 Ethiopian studies reporting the prevalence of khat chewing among university students were included. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel and the analysis was done using STATA 14 statistical software. To assess heterogeneity, the Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test were used. Since the included studies exhibit high heterogeneity, a random effect meta-analysis model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of khat chewing. Moreover, the association between predictor variables, and khat chewing practice were examined.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis of 24 studies revealed that the pooled prevalence of khat chewing among university students in Ethiopia was 23.22% (95% CI: 19.5, 27.0). In the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in Oromia region (31.6%; 95CI: 21.2, 41.9) whereas the lowest prevalence was observed in Amhara region (18.1%; 95%CI: 12.4, 23.8). Being male OR: 2.76 (95% CI 1.64, 4.63), family khat chewing practice OR: 2.91 (95% CI 1.06, 7.98), friend khat chewing habit OR: 4.74 (95% CI 3.48, 13.06), alcohol drinking OR: 7.06 (95% CI 5.65, 8.82) and cigarette smoking habit OR: 15.11 (95% CI 8.96, 25.51) were found to be predictors of khat chewing.
CONCLUSION
The study found that the prevalence of khat chewing among university students was quite common, with slightly more than 1 in 5 students engaging in the use of this substance. Being male, family khat chewing practice, friend's khat chewing habit, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking were found to be predictors of khat chewing practice among university students.
背景
在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家，咀嚼恰特草已成为大学生的普遍做法。它对学生的身体、心理、社会和认知功能方面都有潜在影响。在埃塞俄比亚，关于咀嚼恰特草流行率的研究结果高度分散且不一致。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析估计了埃塞俄比亚大学生中咀嚼恰特草的总体流行率及其预测因素。
方法
进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以评估埃塞俄比亚大学生中咀嚼恰特草的流行率及其预测因素。我们从 PubMed、Google Scholar、Science Direct 和 Cochrane Library 数据库中搜索文献。共有 24 项报告了大学生中咀嚼恰特草流行率的埃塞俄比亚研究被纳入本研究。使用 Microsoft Excel 中准备的标准化数据提取格式提取数据，并使用 STATA 14 统计软件进行分析。为评估异质性，使用 Cochrane Q 检验统计量和 I2 检验。由于纳入的研究存在高度异质性，因此计算了随机效应荟萃分析模型来估计咀嚼恰特草的总体流行率。此外，还检查了预测变量与咀嚼恰特草行为之间的关联。
结果
对 24 项研究的荟萃分析显示，埃塞俄比亚大学生中咀嚼恰特草的总体流行率为 23.22%（95%CI：19.5，27.0）。在亚组分析中，在奥罗莫地区观察到的最高流行率为 31.6%（95CI：21.2，41.9），而在阿姆哈拉地区观察到的最低流行率为 18.1%（95%CI：12.4，23.8）。男性 OR：2.76（95% CI 1.64, 4.63），家庭咀嚼恰特草习惯 OR：2.91（95% CI 1.06, 7.98），朋友咀嚼恰特草习惯 OR：4.74（95% CI 3.48, 13.06），饮酒 OR：7.06（95% CI 5.65, 8.82）和吸烟习惯 OR：15.11（95% CI 8.96, 25.51）被发现是咀嚼恰特草的预测因素。
结论
本研究发现，大学生中咀嚼恰特草的流行率相当普遍，有略多于五分之一的学生使用这种物质。男性、家庭咀嚼恰特草习惯、朋友咀嚼恰特草习惯、饮酒和吸烟是大学生咀嚼恰特草行为的预测因素。
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