State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Sep 1;634:727-738. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.292. Epub 2018 Apr 9.
Droughts are some of the worst natural disasters that bring significant water shortages, economic losses, and adverse social consequences. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data are widely used to characterize and evaluate droughts. In this work, we evaluate drought situations in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) using the GRACE Texas Center for Space Research (CSR) mascon (mass concentration) data from 2003 to 2015. Drought events are identified by water storage deficits (WSDs) derived from GRACE data, while the drought severity evaluation is based on the water storage deficit index (WSDI), standardized WSD time series, and total water storage deficit (TWSD). The WSDI is subsequently compared with the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and standardized runoff index (SRI). The results indicate the YRB experienced increased wetness during the study period, with WSD values increasing at a rate of 5.20mm/year. Eight drought events are identified, and three major droughts occurred in 2004, 2006, and 2011, with WSDIs of -2.05, -2.38, and -1.30 and TWSDs of -620.96mm, -616.81mm, and -192.44mm, respectively. Our findings suggest that GRACE CSR mascon data can be used effectively to assess drought features in the YRB and that the WSDI facilitates robust and reliable characterization of droughts over large-scale areas.
干旱是最严重的自然灾害之一，会带来严重的水资源短缺、经济损失和不良的社会后果。重力恢复和气候实验（GRACE）卫星数据被广泛用于描述和评估干旱。在这项工作中，我们使用 GRACE 德克萨斯州空间研究中心（CSR）质量块（质量浓度）数据，评估了 2003 年至 2015 年期间长江流域（YRB）的干旱情况。通过 GRACE 数据得出的储水亏缺（WSD）来识别干旱事件，而干旱严重程度的评估则基于储水亏缺指数（WSDI）、标准化 WSD 时间序列和总储水亏缺（TWSD）。随后，将 WSDI 与帕尔默干旱严重指数（PDSI）、标准化降水指数（SPI）、标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）和标准化径流指数（SRI）进行比较。结果表明，研究期间 YRB 地区的湿润度增加，WSD 值以每年 5.20mm 的速度增加。确定了 8 次干旱事件，其中 2004 年、2006 年和 2011 年发生了 3 次重大干旱，WSDI 值分别为-2.05、-2.38 和-1.30，TWSD 值分别为-620.96mm、-616.81mm 和-192.44mm。我们的研究结果表明，GRACE CSR 质量块数据可有效用于评估 YRB 的干旱特征，WSDI 有助于对大面积地区的干旱进行稳健和可靠的描述。
