School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
School of Social policy, College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Reprod Health. 2018 Apr 12;15(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0503-x.
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful practice that violates the human rights of women and girls. Despite global efforts to restrict the practice, there have been few reports on major positive changes to the problem. Health education interventions have been successful in preventing various health conditions and promoting service use. They have also been regarded as promising interventions for preventing FGM/C. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise findings of studies about effectiveness of health education as an intervention to prevent FGM/C.
The electronic databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Psych INFO, CINAHL and ASSIA. Our search included papers published in the English language without date limits. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A predesigned data recording form was used to extract data from the included studies which were summarised by comparing similar themes.
Twelve out of 359 individual studies met our inclusion criteria. Seven studies were quantitative, three were qualitative and two used mixed methods. Six studies tested before and after the interventions, four studies assessed the effectiveness of previous interventions used by different research teams and two studies endorsed the intervention. Four main factors emerged and were associated with facilitating or hindering the effectiveness of health education interventions: sociodemographic factors; socioeconomic factors; traditions and beliefs; and intervention strategy, structure and delivery.
It is vital to target factors associated with facilitating or hindering the effectiveness of health education for FGM/C. This increases the possibility of effective, collective change in behaviour and attitude which leads to the sustainable prevention of FGM/C and ultimately the improved reproductive health and well-being of individuals and communities.
女性外阴残割/切割（FGM/C）是一种危害妇女和女童人权的有害做法。尽管全球努力限制这种做法，但很少有关于该问题的重大积极变化的报告。健康教育干预措施已成功预防了各种健康状况并促进了服务的使用。它们也被认为是预防 FGM/C 的有前途的干预措施。本系统评价的目的是综合研究关于健康教育作为预防 FGM/C 的干预措施的有效性的发现。
搜索的电子数据库包括 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane 图书馆、Web of Science、Psych INFO、CINAHL 和 ASSIA。我们的搜索包括没有时间限制的以英语发表的论文。使用混合方法评估工具（MMAT）评估研究质量。使用预先设计的数据记录表格从纳入的研究中提取数据，通过比较相似的主题对数据进行总结。
在 359 项单独研究中，有 12 项符合我们的纳入标准。其中 7 项是定量研究，3 项是定性研究，2 项使用混合方法。6 项研究测试了干预前后，4 项研究评估了不同研究团队使用的先前干预措施的有效性，2 项研究认可了干预措施。出现了四个主要因素，这些因素与促进或阻碍健康教育干预措施的有效性有关：社会人口因素；社会经济因素；传统和信仰；以及干预策略、结构和实施。
针对与促进或阻碍 FGM/C 健康教育有效性相关的因素至关重要。这增加了有效、集体改变行为和态度的可能性，从而实现 FGM/C 的可持续预防，并最终改善个人和社区的生殖健康和福祉。
