Sancho Marta, De Gracia Marta, Rodríguez Rita C, Mallorquí-Bagué Núria, Sánchez-González Jéssica, Trujols Joan, Sánchez Isabel, Jiménez-Murcia Susana, Menchón Jose M
Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Psychiatry. 2018 Mar 29;9:95. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00095. eCollection 2018.
Emotion (dys)regulation as well as the interventions for improving these difficulties are receiving a growing attention in the literature. The aim of the present paper was to conduct a systematic review about the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in both substance and behavioral addictions (BAs).
A literature search was conducted using Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science. Fifty-four randomized controlled trials published in English since 2009 to April 2017 were included into a narrative synthesis.
Mindfulness-based interventions were applied in a wide range of addictions, including substance use disorders (from smoking to alcohol, among others) and BAs (namely, gambling disorder). These treatments were successful for reducing dependence, craving, and other addiction-related symptoms by also improving mood state and emotion dysregulation. The most commonly used MBI approaches were as follows: Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention, Mindfulness Training for Smokers, or Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement, and the most frequent control group in the included studies was Treatment as Usual (TAU). The most effective approach was the combination of MBIs with TAU or other active treatments. However, there is a lack of studies showing the maintenance of the effect over time. Therefore, studies with longer follow-ups are needed.
The revised literature shows support for the effectiveness of the MBIs. Future research should focus on longer follow-up assessments as well as on adolescence and young population, as they are a vulnerable population for developing problems associated with alcohol, drugs, or other addictions.
情绪（失调）调节以及改善这些困难的干预措施在文献中受到越来越多的关注。本文旨在对基于正念的干预措施（MBIs）在物质成瘾和行为成瘾（BAs）方面的疗效进行系统综述。
使用Cochrane、PubMed和Web of Science进行文献检索。将2009年至2017年4月以英文发表的54项随机对照试验纳入叙述性综合分析。
基于正念的干预措施应用于广泛的成瘾类型，包括物质使用障碍（从吸烟到酒精等）和行为成瘾（即赌博障碍）。这些治疗通过改善情绪状态和情绪失调，成功地减少了依赖、渴望和其他与成瘾相关的症状。最常用的MBI方法如下：基于正念的预防复发、吸烟者的正念训练或基于正念的康复增强，纳入研究中最常见的对照组是常规治疗（TAU）。最有效的方法是将MBIs与TAU或其他积极治疗相结合。然而，缺乏研究表明随着时间推移效果的维持情况。因此，需要进行更长随访期的研究。
修订后的文献表明支持MBIs的有效性。未来的研究应侧重于更长时间的随访评估以及青少年和年轻人群，因为他们是易出现与酒精、药物或其他成瘾相关问题的弱势群体。
