Santos Pauline Joy F, Daar David A, Paydar Keyianoosh Z, Wirth Garrett A
Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA.
World J Plast Surg. 2018 Jan;7(1):89-96.
Rhinoplasty is a popular aesthetic and reconstructive surgical procedure. However, little is known about the content and readability of online materials for patient education. The recommended grade level for educational materials is 7th to 8th grade according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This study aims to assess the readability of online patient resources for rhinoplasty.
The largest public search engine, Google, was queried using the term "rhinoplasty" on February 26, 2016. Location filters were disabled and sponsored results excluded to avoid any inadvertent search bias. The 10 most popular websites were identified and all relevant, patient-directed information within one click from the original site was downloaded and saved as plain text. Readability was analyzed using five established analyses (Readability-score.com, Added Bytes, Ltd., Sussex, UK).
Analysis of ten websites demonstrates an average grade level of at least 12 grade. No material was at the recommended 7 to 8 grade reading level (Flesch-Kincaid, 11.1; Gunning-Fog, 14.1; Coleman-Liau, 14.5; SMOG 10.4; Automated Readability, 10.7; Average Grade Level, 12.2). Overall Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease Index was 43.5, which is rated as "difficult."
Online materials available for rhinoplasty exceed NIH-recommended reading levels, which may prevent appropriate decision-making in patients considering these types of surgery. Outcomes of this study identify that Plastic Surgeons should be cognizant of available online patient materials and make efforts to develop and provide more appropriate materials. Readability results can also contribute to marketing strategy and attracting a more widespread interest in the procedure.
隆鼻术是一种常见的美容整形手术。然而，关于在线患者教育资料的内容和可读性却知之甚少。根据美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的建议，教育资料的推荐阅读水平为7至8年级。本研究旨在评估隆鼻术在线患者资源的可读性。
2016年2月26日，使用最大的公共搜索引擎谷歌，搜索词为“隆鼻术”。禁用了位置过滤器并排除了赞助商的结果，以避免任何无意的搜索偏差。确定了10个最受欢迎的网站，并将原始网站一键点击范围内的所有相关患者导向信息下载并保存为纯文本。使用五种既定分析方法（Readability-score.com，Added Bytes，Ltd.，英国苏塞克斯）分析可读性。
对10个网站的分析表明，平均阅读水平至少为12年级。没有任何资料达到推荐的7至8年级阅读水平（弗莱什-金凯德指数为11.1；冈宁-福格指数为14.1；科尔曼-廖指数为14.5；烟雾指数为10.4；自动可读性指数为10.7；平均年级水平为12.2）。总体弗莱什-金凯德阅读易度指数为43.5，被评为“困难”。
隆鼻术的在线资料超出了NIH推荐的阅读水平，这可能会妨碍考虑此类手术的患者做出适当的决策。本研究结果表明，整形外科医生应了解现有的在线患者资料，并努力开发和提供更合适的资料。可读性结果也有助于营销策略，并吸引对该手术更广泛的兴趣。
