Jacobi C, Messmer E M
Augenärzte am Tibarg, Tibarg 19, 22459, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Universitätsklinikum der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland.
Ophthalmologe. 2018 May;115(5):433-450. doi: 10.1007/s00347-018-0676-2.
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ophthalmological diseases with an increasing prevalence in recent years. Numerous general and ocular risk factors exist for the development of DED. The pathogenesis of DED is multifactorial and complex, characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, inflammatory mechanisms at the ocular surface, hyperosmolarity of tears and neurosensory abnormalities. DED is classified into the two sub-categories, aqueous deficient dry eye and evaporative dry eye. Apart from a detailed patient history, basic and complementary diagnostic tests are necessary to enable an individualized and efficient therapy. Moreover, subjective symptom questionnaires and interdisciplinary cooperations are beneficial in a thorough work-up of these patients.
干眼症（DED）是近年来患病率不断上升的最常见眼科疾病之一。DED的发生存在众多全身和眼部危险因素。DED的发病机制是多因素且复杂的，其特征为泪膜稳态丧失、眼表炎症机制、泪液高渗以及神经感觉异常。DED分为水液缺乏型干眼和蒸发过强型干眼两个亚类。除详细的患者病史外，还需要进行基础和补充诊断测试，以实现个体化和有效的治疗。此外，主观症状问卷和多学科合作有助于对这些患者进行全面检查。
