Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra Tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.
Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra Tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico; Translational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra Tlalpan, C.P. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Nutr Biochem. 2018 Oct;60:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.006. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
Several microorganisms belonging to the intestinal microbiota act in an ecosystem responsible for maintaining the homeostasis and vital functions of human beings. From birth to old age the diversity of the intestinal microbiota may change due to environmental factors such as nutrition, immunity, diseases or the use of antibiotics leading to dysbiosis. Improvement in microbiota diversity can be achieved by modifying related risk factors through changes in lifestyle and a healthy diet. Besides, the addition of probiotics, prebiotics or the combination of both (symbiotics), can result in the improvement of the intestinal permeability, inflammatory pathways and the immune system. Also, the use of probiotics prevents harmful bacteria and their derived products (e.g., bacteriocins, endotoxins, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) to leak through the intestinal wall to the circulation that results in the activation of signaling pathways that may be implicated in liver disease. The liver receives a constant flow of noxious entities that promote inflammation and oxidative stress. The use of probiotics with clinical evidence in liver disease, represent a novel therapeutic alternative, inducing positive changes in the balance of the intestinal microbiota which lead to improvement in liver function tests (AST and ALT), decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), andblood cholesterol, among other risk factors. In this review, we discuss the main elements that play a leading role in the development of steatosis as well as the benefits of using probiotics and the impact in the quality of life of patients that develop cirrhosis.
几种属于肠道微生物群的微生物在一个负责维持人类内环境平衡和生命功能的生态系统中发挥作用。从出生到老年，肠道微生物群的多样性可能会因营养、免疫、疾病或抗生素使用等环境因素而发生变化，导致微生态失调。通过改变生活方式和健康饮食来改变相关的风险因素，可以改善微生物多样性。此外，添加益生菌、益生元或两者的组合（共生体）可以改善肠道通透性、炎症途径和免疫系统。此外，益生菌的使用可以防止有害细菌及其衍生产物（例如细菌素、内毒素、硫化氢等）通过肠壁漏入循环，从而激活可能与肝病有关的信号通路。肝脏不断受到有害实体的侵害，这些实体促进炎症和氧化应激。在肝病中使用具有临床证据的益生菌是一种新的治疗选择，它可以诱导肠道微生物群平衡的积极变化，从而改善肝功能试验（AST 和 ALT），降低肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和血胆固醇等其他风险因素。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了导致脂肪变性的主要因素，以及使用益生菌的益处，以及对发展为肝硬化的患者生活质量的影响。
