Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
Environ Int. 2018 Jul;116:60-73. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.011. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
Lakes are an important source of freshwater, containing nearly 90% of the liquid surface fresh water worldwide. Long retention times in lakes mean pollutants from discharges slowly circulate around the lakes and may lead to high ecological risk for ecosystem and human health. In recent decades, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been regarded as emerging pollutants. The occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in global freshwater lakes are summarized to show the pollution level of antibiotics and ARGs and to identify some of the potential risks to ecosystem and human health. Fifty-seven antibiotics were reported at least once in the studied lakes. Our meta-analysis shows that sulfamethoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfameter, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, and roxithromycin were found at high concentrations in both lake water and lake sediment. There is no significant difference in the concentration of sulfonamides in lake water from China and that from other countries worldwide; however, there was a significant difference in quinolones. Erythromycin had the lowest predicted hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC) and the highest ecological risk in lakes. There was no significant difference in the concentration of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) in lake water and river water. There is surprisingly limited research on the role of aquatic biota in propagation of ARGs in freshwater lakes. As an environment that is susceptible to cumulative build-up of pollutants, lakes provide an important environment to study the fate of antibiotics and transport of ARGs with a broad range of niches including bacterial community, aquatic plants and animals.
湖泊是淡水的重要来源，全球近 90%的液态地表水都储存在湖泊中。湖泊的停留时间较长，这意味着排放的污染物会在湖泊周围缓慢循环，可能对生态系统和人类健康构成高生态风险。近年来，抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）被视为新兴污染物。本文总结了全球淡水湖泊中抗生素和 ARGs 的发生和分布情况，以展示抗生素和 ARGs 的污染水平，并确定其对生态系统和人类健康的一些潜在风险。在所研究的湖泊中，至少有 57 种抗生素被报道过一次。我们的荟萃分析表明，磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲嘧啶、四环素、土霉素、红霉素和罗红霉素在湖水和湖底沉积物中均有高浓度存在。中国和世界其他国家的湖水中磺胺类药物的浓度没有显著差异；然而，喹诺酮类药物则存在显著差异。红霉素对 5%物种的预测危害浓度最低（HC），对湖泊的生态风险最高。湖水中磺胺类抗性基因（sul1 和 sul2）的浓度与河水中的磺胺类抗性基因浓度没有显著差异。水生生物在淡水湖泊中 ARGs 传播中的作用的研究非常有限。作为一个容易累积污染物的环境，湖泊为研究抗生素的命运和 ARGs 的传输提供了一个重要的环境，涵盖了包括细菌群落、水生植物和动物在内的广泛生态位。
