Karchesy Joseph J, Kelsey Rick G, González-Hernández M P
Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2018 May;44(5):510-524. doi: 10.1007/s10886-018-0956-y. Epub 2018 Apr 14.
Yellow-cedar, Callitropsis nootkatensis, is prevalent in coastal forests of southeast Alaska, western Canada, and inland forests along the Cascades to northern California, USA. These trees have few microbial or animal pests, attributable in part to the distinct groups of biologically active secondary metabolites their tissues store for chemical defense. Here we summarize the new yellow-cedar compounds identified and their biological activities, plus new or expanded activities for tissues, extracts, essential oils and previously known compounds since the last review more than 40 years ago. Monoterpene hydrocarbons are the most abundant compounds in foliage, while heartwood contains substantial quantities of oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with one or more tropolones. Diterpenes occur in foliage and bark, whereas condensed tannins have been isolated from inner bark. Biological activities expressed by one or more compounds in these groups include fungicide, bactericide, sporicide, acaricide, insecticide, general cytotoxicity, antioxidant and human anticancer. The diversity of organisms impacted by whole tissues, essential oils, extracts, or individual compounds now encompasses ticks, fleas, termites, ants, mosquitoes, bacteria, a water mold, fungi and browsing animals. Nootkatone, is a heartwood component with sufficient activity against arthropods to warrant research focused toward potential development as a commercial repellent and biopesticide for ticks, mosquitoes and possibly other arthropods that vector human and animal pathogens.
黄扁柏（学名：Callitropsis nootkatensis）分布于阿拉斯加东南部、加拿大西部的沿海森林以及美国加利福尼亚州北部沿喀斯喀特山脉的内陆森林。这些树木几乎没有微生物或动物害虫，部分原因在于其组织中储存的用于化学防御的独特生物活性次生代谢物群体。在此，我们总结了已鉴定出的新的黄扁柏化合物及其生物活性，以及自40多年前上次综述以来，其组织、提取物、精油和先前已知化合物的新的或扩展的活性。单萜烃是树叶中含量最丰富的化合物，而心材含有大量的氧化单萜和氧化倍半萜，以及一种或多种托酚酮。二萜存在于树叶和树皮中，而缩合单宁已从内皮中分离出来。这些类群中的一种或多种化合物所表现出的生物活性包括杀真菌剂、杀菌剂、杀孢子剂、杀螨剂、杀虫剂、一般细胞毒性、抗氧化剂和人类抗癌活性。受整个组织、精油、提取物或单个化合物影响的生物多样性现在包括蜱、跳蚤、白蚁、蚂蚁、蚊子、细菌、一种水霉、真菌和食草动物。诺卡酮是心材的一种成分，对节肢动物具有足够的活性，值得开展研究，以开发其作为蜱、蚊子以及可能传播人类和动物病原体的其他节肢动物的商业驱避剂和生物杀虫剂的潜力。
