Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
J Dairy Sci. 2018 Jul;101(7):5949-5960. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-14006. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
We evaluated the effectiveness of an additive comprising sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite (SSL) as active ingredients for its ability to improve the aerobic stability of corn silages made in North America. In experiment 1, treatment with SSL (1.5 and 2.0 L/t) on whole-plant corn (WPC) was compared with treatment with an additive containing buffered propionic acid and citric acid (BPA; 2 L/t) on corn harvested at 32 and 38% dry matter and ensiled for 120 d. Silage treated with BPA was higher in ammonia-N and propionic acid relative to other treatments. Treatments with all of the additives had numerically, but not statistically, fewer yeasts compared with untreated silage. Both application rates of SSL resulted in lower concentrations of ethanol compared with untreated and BPA silages. Treatment with BPA improved the aerobic stability of silages compared with untreated silage, but the effect from SSL was markedly greater. In experiment 2, WPC was untreated or treated with 2 or 3 L of SSL/t or a microbial inoculant containing Enterococcus faecium M74, Lactobacillus plantarum CH6072, and Lactobacillus buchneri LN1819 (final total lactic acid bacteria application rate of 150,000 cfu/g of fresh forage). Silages were air stressed for 24 h at 28 and 42 d of storage and ensiled for 49 d before opening. Inoculation had no effect on acid end products, ethanol, number of yeasts, or aerobic stability compared with other treatments. Treatment with SSL decreased the amount of ethanol, had no effect on number of yeasts, and improved aerobic stability in a dose-dependent manner compared with other treatments. In experiment 3, WPC was untreated or treated with 2 L of SSL/t and ensiled for 5, 15, and 30 d. Treatment with SSL resulted in silage with fewer yeasts and lower concentrations of ethanol after all times of ensiling compared with untreated silage. In addition, SSL improved aerobic stability after each period of ensiling, but the effect was more at 15 and 30 d compared with 5 d of storage. Treating WPC with SSL can improve the aerobic stability of corn silage made in North America, and the effect can be observed as soon as 5 d after ensiling.
我们评估了由苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾和亚硝酸钠组成的添加剂（SSL）作为活性成分的有效性，以提高北美的全株玉米青贮的有氧稳定性。在实验 1 中，与含有缓冲丙酸和柠檬酸的添加剂（BPA；2 L/t）处理的在 32%和 38%干物质时收获的玉米青贮相比，用 SSL（1.5 和 2.0 L/t）处理的整株玉米（WPC）。与其他处理相比，用 BPA 处理的青贮料中的氨态氮和丙酸含量较高。与未处理的青贮料相比，所有添加剂处理的酵母菌数量都较少，但没有统计学意义。SSL 的两种应用率均导致乙醇浓度低于未处理和 BPA 青贮料。与未处理的青贮料相比，BPA 处理可提高青贮料的有氧稳定性，但 SSL 的效果更为显著。在实验 2 中，WPC 未处理或用 2 或 3 L 的 SSL/t 或含有屎肠球菌 M74、植物乳杆菌 CH6072 和布氏乳杆菌 LN1819 的微生物接种剂处理（新鲜草料的最终总乳酸菌应用率为 150,000 cfu/g）。青贮料在储存的第 28 和 42 天分别进行 24 小时的空气胁迫，并在打开前再进行 49 天的青贮。与其他处理相比，接种对酸产物、乙醇、酵母菌数量或有氧稳定性没有影响。与其他处理相比，SSL 处理可减少乙醇的产生，对酵母菌数量没有影响，并呈剂量依赖性地改善有氧稳定性。在实验 3 中，WPC 未处理或用 2 L 的 SSL/t 处理，并在 5、15 和 30 天进行青贮。与未处理的青贮料相比，SSL 处理的青贮料中的酵母菌数量较少，乙醇浓度较低，无论青贮时间如何。此外，SSL 处理可改善青贮后的有氧稳定性，但在 15 和 30 天的效果比 5 天的储存期更为明显。用 SSL 处理 WPC 可以提高北美的玉米青贮的有氧稳定性，并且可以在青贮后 5 天观察到效果。
