Pinheiro-da-Silva Jaquelinne, Tran Steven, Luchiari Ana Carolina
Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av Sen Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, Brazil.
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.
Behav Processes. 2018 Dec;157:656-663. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.04.004. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a valuable model organism for behavioral studies examining learning and memory. Its diurnal circadian rhythm and characterized sleep-like state make it comparable to mammals, features that have contributed to establishing this small vertebrate as a translational model for sleep research. Despite sleep being an evolutionarily conserved behavior, its mechanisms and functions are still debated. Sleep deprivation is commonly associated with decreased attention, reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, altered locomotor activity and impaired performance on cognitive tasks. In the current study, we examined the effects of partial and total sleep deprivation on zebrafish learning performance in an active avoidance conditioning paradigm. In addition, we examined the effects of two drugs known to alter sleep (alcohol and melatonin) on learning performance in sleep deprived animals. Our results suggest that although partial sleep deprivation did not alter learning performance, total sleep deprivation was found to significantly impair behavioral responses to the electric shock as well as avoidance learning. However, when sleep deprived fish were treated with alcohol the night before the learning task, learning performance was similar to the control group. In contrast, melatonin treatment did not alter learning performance in sleep deprived animals. We conclude that the zebrafish is a sensitive tool for investigating the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance and may be a useful model for dissecting the mechanisms underlying learning and memory.
斑马鱼（Danio rerio）已成为用于研究学习和记忆的行为学研究的重要模式生物。其昼夜节律和类似睡眠的特征状态使其可与哺乳动物相媲美，这些特性促使这种小型脊椎动物成为睡眠研究的转化模型。尽管睡眠是一种进化上保守的行为，但其机制和功能仍存在争议。睡眠剥夺通常与注意力下降、对外界刺激的反应性降低、运动活动改变以及认知任务表现受损有关。在本研究中，我们在主动回避条件反射范式中研究了部分和完全睡眠剥夺对斑马鱼学习表现的影响。此外，我们研究了两种已知会改变睡眠的药物（酒精和褪黑素）对睡眠剥夺动物学习表现的影响。我们的结果表明，虽然部分睡眠剥夺并未改变学习表现，但发现完全睡眠剥夺会显著损害对电击的行为反应以及回避学习。然而，当在学习任务前一晚对睡眠剥夺的鱼给予酒精处理时，学习表现与对照组相似。相比之下，褪黑素处理并未改变睡眠剥夺动物的学习表现。我们得出结论，斑马鱼是研究睡眠剥夺对认知表现影响的敏感工具，可能是剖析学习和记忆潜在机制的有用模型。
